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Browsing by Author "Karagol, Veysel"

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    The Effect of Economic Policy Uncertainty on Food Prices: a Time-Varying Causality Analysis for Selected Countries
    (Istanbul Univ, 2023) Karagol, Veysel
    Phenomena such as global warming and climate change have caused food prices to increase alongside the effects from the COVID-19 pandemic. Many driving forces have led food prices to increase, such as energy costs, exchange rates, and supply and demand quantities. Economic policy uncertainty has recently been discussed as one of these possible driving forces. This study aims to investigate the relationship between economic policy uncertainty and food prices. For this purpose, it examines the causal relationships between food inflation and global economic policy uncertainty in China, England, Germany, Hungary, South Africa, T & uuml;rkiye, and the United States. Symmetric causality findings point to the existence of a bidirectional causality relationship between global economic policy uncertainty and food inflation only in the United States. According to the time-varying causality analysis findings, time-varying causality relationships exist going from global economic policy uncertainty to food inflation in all countries. According to the analysis findings, the causality relationship from economic policy uncertainty to food prices was observed to have intensified during the COVID-19. Although the potential effects of economic policy uncertainty on food prices require more evidence, policymakers are considered to be able to stabilize food prices by using effective economic policy interventions.
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    Fiscal Policy and Financial Cycles: Evidence From Türkiye in the Post-Global Financial Crisis
    (Maliye Bakanligi, 2023) Sahin, Aysegul; Karagol, Veysel
    This study aims to investigate the relationship between fiscal policy and financial cycles. It employs the structural-VAR model with data for the period of 2010:January-2023:March of the Turkish economy. For this purpose, firstly, financial cycle indices are calculated with three different weighting methods using variables related to the credit market, stock market, and housing market. Tax revenues and industrial production index are used to represent fiscal policy and business cycles, respectively. According to the impulse-response functions obtained from the structural VAR model, a positive shock in financial cycles causes a positive reaction in fiscal policy in the short term. Similarly, financial cycle shock also affects business cycles positively.
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    How Does Stock Market Volatility Affect Business Cycles? Asymmetric Evidence From Türkiye
    (Economic and Financial Research Assoc - Efad, 2023) Karagol, Veysel
    This study aims to investigate how stock market volatility affects business cycles in Turkey for the quarterly period 1998-2022. Borsa Istanbul 100 index return series (RBIST) and detrended real Gross Domestic Product (BC) are employed to proxy stock market volatility and business cycles, respectively. Asymmetric methods are used to decompose the effects of this volatility in the expansion and contraction phases of business cycles. First, business cycles are examined under the expansion and contraction regimes by the Markov regime-switching GARCH (MS-GARCH) method. According to the findings of the MS-GARCH method, RBIST negatively affects BC in both phases. However, this effect is relatively greater during contraction phases such as the Banking Crisis in the early 2000s, the Global Financial Crisis, the 2016 and 2018 Currency Crises, and the recent Covid-19 Pandemic. Second, the non-linear ARDL (NARDL) method is applied to robust the findings. The findings of the NARDL method in the short run corroborate the findings obtained from the MSGARCH method. The positive and negative components of RBIST have a negative effect on BC in the short run, but it is positive and symmetric in the long run. Overall, the findings of the study suggest that policymakers should consider the non-linear characteristics of the relationship between stock market volatility and business cycles.
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    How Vulnerable Is the Turkish Stock Market To the Credit Default Swap? Evidence From the Markov Switching Garch Model
    (Istanbul Univ, 2023) Karagol, Veysel
    This study aims to investigate the effect of the credit default swap (CDS) on the Turkish stock market. More specifically, it analyses whether the relationship between CDS and the Turkish stock market has changed during the period of unprecedented stock returns in 2022. The Markov Switching GARCH method is preferred because of its many advantages in the analysis of the return series of the variables. Two different models are estimated for the full sample weekly period of 2010:01-10/2022:12-11 and the subsample weekly period of 2010:01-10/2021:12-05. The subsample period is more optimal than the full sample period. Nevertheless, the findings of both sample periods are included to make a comparison. The effect of CDS on the Turkish stock market is greater in the high-volatility regime than in the low-volatility regime. CDS has a negative impact on the Turkish stock market in both low and high volatility periods. The most striking finding is that CDS affects the Turkish stock market approximately twice as much in the subsample period as in the full sample period in both regimes. Policymakers should follow risk-oriented policies instead of policies against the wind against the risk of a possible boom in financial markets.
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    Türkiye’de Küresel Finansal Kriz Sonrası Nakit İkamesinin Seyri: Markov Rejim Değişim Modelleri
    (2023) Karagol, Veysel
    Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de Küresel Finansal Kriz sonrası nakit ikamesinin itici güçlerini araştırmaktır. Teorik arka plana uygun olarak belirlenen modeller, 2010:01-2023:02 dönemine ait döviz kuru beklentileri, enflasyon oranı ve yerli-yabancı faiz oranı farkı değişkenlerine ek olarak, Kur Korumalı Mevduat (KKM) dönemine ilişkin bir kukla değişkeni de içermektedir. Markov rejim değişim regresyon yöntemi aracılığıyla iki rejimli iki farklı model tahmin edilmiştir. Bu modellerden elde edilen bulgulara göre, döviz kuru beklentileri, nakit ikamesinin en önemli belirleyicisidir. Döviz kuru beklentileri ile nakit ikamesi pozitif ilişkidir. Faiz farkındaki azalmalar, nakit ikamesinde bir artış yaratırken faiz farkındaki artışların nakit ikamesi kararları üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi yoktur. Bunun yanında, enflasyon oranlarının ise nakit ikamesi üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığına ulaşılmıştır. Buna karşılık, nakit ikamesi, bir önceki döneme ilişkin nakit ikamesi kararlarından büyük ölçüde etkilenmektedir. Son olarak, KKM uygulamasının nakit ikamesinde anlamlı ve oldukça yüksek bir oranda bir azalma sağladığı tespit edilmiştir. Ancak nakit ikamesiyle mücadelede, KKM gibi yüksek maliyetli politikalardan ziyade, kredibilitesi yüksek, tutarlı ve güçlü politikaların tercih edilmesinin daha uygun olacağı düşünülmektedir.
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    Türkiye’de Para Politikasına Farklı Bir Bakış: Finansal Çevrimlerle Genişletilmiş Taylor Kuralı
    (2022) Dogan, Burhan; Karagol, Veysel
    Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de para politikasının finansal çevrimlerle olan ilişkisini incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda, 2003-2019 dönemine ait çeyreklik verilerle finansal çevrimlerle genişletilmiş Taylor Kuralı Türkiye için tahmin edilmiştir. Genişletilmiş Taylor Kuralı’nın tahmin edilmesinde kullanılan doğrusal olmayan modelin, doğrusal modele göre daha iyi bir tahmin performansı sağladığı görülmüştür. Söz konusu dönemde Türkiye’de yüksek (2003:Ç2-2008:Ç4/2018:Ç2-2019:Ç2) ve düşük (2009:Ç1-2018:Ç1/2019:Ç3-2019:Ç4) faiz rejimleri olmak üzere iki farklı rejim tespit edilmiştir. Bulgular, yüksek faiz rejimindeyken, faiz oranlarının belirlenmesinde üretim açığının değil, fiyat istikrarının ve finansal istikrarın dikkate alındığına işaret etmektedir. Ancak düşük faiz rejiminde, Taylor Kuralı’nda yer alan diğer değişkenlerle faiz oranı arasındaki bağlantı teorik ve istatistiksel olarak kopmuştur. Bunun nedeninin, ekonominin likidite ihtiyacını karşılamaya öncelik verilmesi ve politika faizinden ziyade faiz koridoru ve geç likidite penceresi gibi alternatif araçların gösterge faiz olarak kullanması olduğu düşünülmektedir. Böylece düşük faiz rejiminde finansal çevrimlerde yaşanan istikrarsızlıklar göz ardı edilmiştir. Ancak politika yapıcılar, ekonominin kırılganlığını göz önünde bulundurarak, finansal istikrarsızlıklarla mücadelede mutlaka ekonomideki finansal çevrimleri dikkate alan bir faiz politikası benimsemelidir.