PubMed İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14720/6

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Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts
(Humana Press inc, 2016) Elcin, Y. Murat; Inanc, Bulend; Elcin, A. Eser
Human embryonic stem cells' (hESCs) unlimited proliferative potential and differentiation capability to all somatic cell types makes them one of the potential cell sources in cell-based tissue engineering strategies as well as various experimental applications in fields such as developmental biology, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and genetics. Periodontal tissue engineering is an approach to reconstitute the ectomesenchymally derived alveolar bone, periodontal ligament apparatus, and cementum tissues lost as a result of periodontal diseases. Cell-based therapies may offer potential advantage in overcoming the inherent limitations associated with contemporary regenerative procedures, such as dependency on defect type and size and the pool and capacity of progenitor cells resident in the wound area. Further elucidation of developmental mechanisms associated with tooth formation may also contribute to valuable knowledge based upon which the future therapies can be designed. Protocols for the differentiation of pluripotent hESCs into periodontal ligament fibroblastic cells (PDLF) as common progenitors for ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone tissue represent an initial step in developing hESC-based experimental and tissue engineering strategies. The present protocol describes methods associated with the guided differentiation of hESCs by the use of coculture with adult PDLFs and the resulting change of morphotype and phenotype of the pluripotent embryonic stem cells toward fibroblastic and osteoblastic lineages.
Distribution of Gene Mutations Associated With Familial Normosmic Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
(Galenos Yayincilik, 2012) Gurbuz, Fatih; Kotan, L. Damla; Mengen, Eda; Siklar, Zeynep; Berberoglu, Merih; Dokmetas, Sebila; Topaloglu, Ali Kemal
Objective: Normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH) is characterized by failure of initiation or maintenance of puberty due to insufficient gonadotropin release, which is not associated with anosmia/hyposmia. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of causative mutations in a hereditary form of nIHH. Methods: In this prospective collaborative study, 22 families with more than one affected individual (i.e. multiplex families) with nIHH were recruited and screened for genes known or suspected to be strong candidates for nIHH. Results: Mutations were identified in five genes (GNRHR, TACR3, TAC3, KISS1R, and KISS1) in 77% of families with autosomal recessively inherited nIHH. GNRHR and TACR3 mutations were the most common two causative mutations occurring with about equal frequency. Conclusions: Mutations in these five genes account for about three quarters of the causative mutations in nIHH families with more than one affected individual. This frequency is significantly greater than the previously reported rates in all inclusive (familial plus sporadic) cohorts. GNRHR and TACR3 should be the first two genes to be screened for diagnostic purposes. Identification of causative mutations in the remaining families will shed light on the regulation of puberty.
Fish Gelatin
(Elsevier Academic Press inc, 2010) Boran, Gokhan; Regenstein, Joe M.
Gelatin is a multifunctional ingredient used in foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and photographic films as a gelling agent, stabilizer, thickener, emulsifier, and film former. As a thermoreversible hydrocolloid with a narrower gap between its melting and gelling temperatures, both of which are below human body temperature, gelatin provides unique advantages over carbohydrate-based gelling agents. Gelatin is mostly produced from pig skin, and cattle hides and bones. Some alternative raw materials have recently gained attention from both researchers and the industry not just because they overcome religious concerns shared by Jews and Muslims but also because they provide, in some cases, technological advantages over mammalian gelatins. Fish skins from a number of fish species are among the other sources that have been comprehensively studied as sources for gelatin production. Fish skins have a significant potential for the production of high-quality gelatin with different melting and gelling temperatures over a much wider range than mammalian gelatins, yet still have a sufficiently high gel strength and viscosity. Gelatin quality is industrially determined by gel strength, viscosity, melting or gelling temperatures, the water content, and microbiological safety. For gelatin manufacturers, yield from a particular raw material is also important. Recent experimental studies have shown that these quality parameters vary greatly depending on the biochemical characteristics of the raw materials, the manufacturing processes applied, and the experimental settings used for quality control tests. In this review, the gelatin quality achieved from different fish species is reviewed along with the experimental procedures used to determine gelatin quality. In addition, the chemical structure of collagen and gelatin, the collagen-gelatin conversion, the gelation process, and the gelatin market are discussed.
Nano-Technological Approaches for Plant and Marine-Based Polysaccharides for Nano-Encapsulations and Their Applications in Food Industry
(Elsevier Academic Press inc, 2021) Ozogul, Fatih; Elabed, Nariman; Ceylan, Zafer; Ocak, Elvan; Ozogul, Yesim
Novel food preservation methods, along with preservatives have been employed to prevent food products from spoilage. There is an increasing demand to substitute synthetic preservatives with natural bioactive compounds since they are safe and environmentally friendly. Bioactive compounds with functional and therapeutic properties are found in foods and have also beneficial physiological and immunological health effects. However, there are some issues associated with bioactive compounds, such as low stability, solubility, and permeability. Encapsulation techniques, especially nano-encapsulation, are a promising technique to overcome these restrictions. A range of the plants' constituents can be converted into bio-nanomaterials. Major plant constituents are polysaccharides which have good biocompatibility properties and therapeutic activities, such as antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor. Among plant and marine-based polysaccharides, cellulose, starch, alginates, chitosan, and carrageenans have been used as carrier materials to preserve core material. Moreover, many studies indicated that favorable sources such as plant and marine based polysaccharides are emerging. This chapter will cover plant and marine-based polysaccharides for nano-encapsulation and their application in the food industry.
Nmr-Based Screening for Inborn Errors of Metabolism: Initial Results From a Study on Turkish Neonates
(Springer-verlag Berlin, 2014) Aygen, Sitke; Duerr, Ulrich; Hegele, Peter; Kunig, Johannes; Spraul, Manfred; Schaefer, Hartmut; Tuncer, Oguz
Approximately 1 in 400 neonates in Turkey is affected by inherited metabolic diseases. This high prevalence is at least in part due to consanguineous marriages. Standard screening in Turkey now covers only three metabolic diseases (phenylketonuria, congenital hypothyroidism, and biotinidase deficiency). Once symptoms have developed, tandem-MS can be used, although this currently covers only up to 40 metabolites. NMR potentially offers a rapid and versatile alternative. We conducted a multi-center clinical study in 14 clinical centers in Turkey. Urine samples from 989 neonates were collected and investigated by using NMR spectroscopy in two different laboratories. The primary objective of the present study was to explore the range of variation of concentration and chemical shifts of specific metabolites without clinically relevant findings that can be detected in the urine of Turkish neonates. The secondary objective was the integration of the results from a healthy reference population of neonates into an NMR database, for routine and completely automatic screening of congenital metabolic diseases. Both targeted and untargeted analyses were performed on the data. Targeted analysis was aimed at 65 metabolites. Limits of detection and quantitation were determined by generating urine spectra, in which known concentrations of the analytes were added electronically as well as by real spiking. Untargeted analysis involved analysis of the whole spectrum for abnormal features, using statistical procedures, including principal component analysis. Outliers were eliminated by model building. Untargeted analysis was used to detect known and unknown compounds and jaundice, proteinuria, and acidemia. The results will be used to establish a database to detect pathological concentration ranges and for routine screening.
Whole-Mount Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescence Assays in Zebrafish Embryos
(Humana Press Inc., 2024) Köktürk, M.; Altındağ, F.
Zebrafish embryos are an important organism used as an in vivo model in a wide variety of disciplines from the past to the present. Immunohistochemistry analyses are an important method used to determine the localization of specific antigens in tissue sections with labeled antibodies depending on antigen-antibody interactions in zebrafish embryos. Immunofluorescence assays are an immunohistochemistry method that uses fluorophores to determine diverse cellular antigens. Zebrafish embryos and larvae, with their small size, are the most ideal model organisms for whole-mount immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent methods today. The small size of these organisms allows simultaneous evaluation of different tissues and organs, and results are obtained in a shorter time. In this section, whole-mount immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent analysis methods in zebrafish embryos, and larvae are summarized in detail, taking into account different studies and recent advances. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

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