PubMed İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu

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Response to “Letter to Editor”
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Coskun-Demirkalp, A.N.; Tekcan, A.; Çakır, M.; Dönmez-Altuntaş, H.
[No abstract available]
Effects of Gastrocnemius Functional Massage on Lower Extremity Spasticity, Spatio-Temporal Gait Variables and Fall Risk in Patients with Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
(Public Library of Science, 2025) Dengiz, A.; Şekeröz, S.; Baskan, E.; Kara-Cakici, G.
Aim This randomized controlled clinical trial investigated the effects of gastrocnemius functional massage (GFM) combined with neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) on spasticity, gait parameters, and functional mobility in stroke patients. Methods A total of 28 chronic stroke survivors were randomized into an experimental group (EG, n = 13) and a control group (CG, n = 15). Both groups received NDT twice a week for six weeks, while the EG received additional GFM. Spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale), gait parameters (LegSys), and functional mobility (Timed Up and Go test) were assessed pre- and post-treatment. Results The results showed significant improvements in spasticity within the EG for the hip adductor (p = 0.002), knee extensor (p = 0.006), and ankle plantar flexor muscles (p = 0.002), compared to minimal changes in the CG (p > 0.05). Gait analysis revealed significant improvements in the EG for stride number (p = 0.0001), stride length (p = 0.006), stride time (p = 0.001), and stride velocity (p = 0.002), whereas the CG showed no significant changes (p > 0.05). Functional mobility improvements in the EG included reduced sit-to-stand time (p = 0.021) and total Timed Up and Go time (p = 0.001), indicating enhanced dynamic balance and lower extremity strength. Conclusion These findings suggest that combining GFM with NDT significantly enhances spasticity reduction, gait parameters, and functional mobility in stroke patients. Future studies are needed to explore the long-term effects and underlying mechanisms of this combined approach. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Innovative Pyrazole–thiazole–oxadiazole Hybrid Compounds for Targeted EGFR/VEGFR2 Inhibition in Cancer Treatment
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Kuzu, B.; Osmani̇ye, D.; Karaduman, A.B.; Oz̈kay, Y.
A new series of pyrazole–thiazole–oxadiazole hybrid compounds targeting the EGFR and VEGFR2 enzymes was designed and synthesized using innovative approaches. The compounds were characterized through spectral methods, and their cytotoxic activities were evaluated against the A549 lung and HT-29 colon cancer cell line using the MTT assay. Among them, compounds 17i and 17m exhibited notable cytotoxicity, with 17i demonstrating approximately threefold greater activity compared to the reference drug sorafenib for A549 cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that 17i induced extensive necrotic cell death, while 17m triggered a more targeted and controlled apoptotic mechanism. In vitro enzyme inhibition assays demonstrated that 17i inhibited EGFR and VEGFR2 with IC50 values of 0.158 and 0.128 µM, respectively. In contrast, 17m exhibited more potent inhibition of EGFR (IC50 = 0.012 µM) and moderate activity against VEGFR2 (IC50 = 0.309 µM). Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations further supported the structural stability of the complexes formed by these compounds with their target enzymes, highlighting their potential as effective enzyme inhibitors. Collectively, these findings suggest that pyrazole–thiazole–oxadiazole hybrids represent promising candidates for targeted cancer therapy at the cellular level. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Comparison of the Analgesic Efficacy of Dexketoprofen Trometamol and Paracetamol with Naproxen Sodium and Codeine Phosphate Combinations in Acute Toothache
(Nature Research, 2025) Doğru, İ.; Cigerim, L.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of naproxen sodium + codeine phosphate and dexketoprofen trometamol + paracetamol combinations in the treatment of acute dental pain during the preoperative period. Patients with complaints of acute pericoronitis caused by a semi-erupted lower impacted third molar were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, naproxen sodium + codeine phosphate (550/30 mg) in group A and dexketoprofen trometamol + paracetamol (25/300 mg) in group B, and pain was assessed by VAS. The collected data were statistically analysed and interpreted using SPSS. The Friedman test (a non-parametric test) was used to analyse data within groups. The independent groups t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test were used to analyse data between groups. Of the 62 patients included in the study, 51 (82.3%) were female and 11 (17.7%) were male, with a mean age of 22.94 years. As a result of the 7-day evaluation, the VAS average in group A decreased from 7.61 to 1.26, representing an 83.44% decrease, while in group B, it decreased from 7.19 to 0.61, representing an 91.52% decrease. When the VAS averages of groups A and B were compared over time, statistically significant differences were only found between the values on day 7 (p < 0.05). Both analgesics were effective in acute dental pain. The results of this study support the use of dexketoprofen trometamol + paracetamol and naproxen sodium + codeine phosphate combinations in the treatment of acute dental pain during preoperative period. Clinical Trial Registration: This trial was retrospectively registered on http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ on 21 March 2025 under the title ‘Evaluation of the Analgesic Efficacy of the Combination of Dexketoprofen + Paracetamol and the Combination of Naproxen Sodium + Codeine in Patients With Acute Dental Pain’ and number NCT06916234. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence in Orthodontic Extraction Treatment Planning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2025) Ziaei, S.; Samani, D.; Behjati, M.; Ravari, A.O.; Salimi, Y.; Ahmadi, S.; Rajaei, S.
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) models in predicting dental extractions during orthodontic treatment planning. Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024582455). Comprehensive searches were performed across PubMed, Scopus, Web Of Science, and Google Scholar up to June 2, 2025. Eligible cross-sectional studies assessing AI-based models against clinical standards were included. Data on model performance were extracted and pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore heterogeneity. Results: Seven cross-sectional studies from six countries with a combined sample of 6,261 patients were included. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of AI models were 70% (95% CI: 61–78) and 90% (95% CI: 87–92), respectively, though heterogeneity was high (I² = 96.7% and 93.7%). Convolutional neural networks (CNN)-based models (ResNet and VGG) demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance with no heterogeneity. Meta-regression showed that disease prevalence significantly influenced sensitivity (p = 0.050). Funnel plots revealed asymmetry, suggesting possible publication bias. Conclusion: AI models, particularly CNN-based models, show promising accuracy in predicting the need for orthodontic extractions. Therefore, they can be used to create predictive models for orthodontic extractions to increase accuracy. Due to the high heterogeneity, further large-scale studies are needed to support clinical implementation. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Prevalence of Dermatophytosis in Cats and Dogs in Türkiye: Dominance of Microsporum Canis and First Detection of Trichophyton Rubrum
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2025) Sanioglu Golen, G.S.; Balevi, A.; Uslu, A.; Akar, K.; Taşmertek, M.; Aras, Z.
Background: Dermatophytosis is a fungal infection that can be zoonotic, with transmission occurring in both directions between humans and companion animals, particularly in settings involving close contact. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify the causative agents of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats using conventional and molecular diagnostic methods. A total of 150 animals with dermatological lesions were sampled, including 105 cats and 45 dogs from both household and shelter environments. This cross-sectional study employed direct microscopy and fungal culture as the initial diagnostic methods. PCR targeting the CHS1 gene was subsequently performed on fungal isolates obtained from 38 culture-positive samples, followed by species-specific amplification to identify Microsporum canis and Trichophyton rubrum. For molecular identification, DNA was extracted from pure cultures derived from hair, skin scrapings, and nail specimens. ITS region sequencing was also performed on two of the PCR-confirmed T. rubrum isolates. Prevalence was compared across animal species, age groups and living environments. Results: Dermatophytes were detected in 25.3% (38/150) of samples. In cats, only M. canis 76% (19/25) was identified. In dogs, both M. canis (5/13) and T. rubrum (2/13) were found. This represents the first report of T. rubrum in a dog in Türkiye, with ITS sequencing confirming > 99% identity to reference strains. Infection rates were significantly higher in animals under one year of age (p = 0.0097), while no statistically significant difference was observed between dogs and cats (p = 0.529). PCR and sequencing provided rapid and accurate identification. Conclusions: Dermatophyte infections are more prevalent among juvenile animals and pose a growing zoonotic threat. Molecular diagnostics improve early detection and control strategies. These findings highlight the need for routine surveillance and reflect the critical importance of the One Health approach, which integrates human, animal, and environmental health to prevent and manage zoonotic disease transmission. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Effects of Postharvest Citric, Oxalic Acid and Modified Atmosphere Packaging Applications on Fruit Quality and Biochemical Properties in Persimmon
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2025) Tekin, O.; Küçüker, E.; Ağlar, E.; Alan, D.; Sümbül, A.
Background: This study aims to investigate the effects of postharvest oxalic acid (OA), citric acid (CA) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) applications on fruit quality and preservation of biochemical content in persimmon. This research conducted on “Rojo brillante” variety persimmon (Diospyros kaki L), evaluated the effects of various treatment methods on fruit quality during 90 days of storage period. In the study, the parameters such as weight loss, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity, fruit firmness, respiration rate, ethylene production, gas composition, phenolic content, antioxidant activity and organic acids were investigated. Method: In the study, each application consisted of three replications. The first group was control, the second group was 1 mmol CA, the third group was 1 mM OA, the fourth group was MAP, the fifth group was 1 mmol CA + MAP and the sixth group was 1 mM OA + MAP. The fruits were kept in control, CA and OA solutions for 15 min. The fruits were stored for 90 days at 5 °C and 85 ± 5% relative humidity. Results: During storage period, fruit weight loss, water loss and natural physiological changes increased. OA and CA acid applications were not effective in reducing fruit weight loss, but OA + MAP applications were more effective in preserving fruit quality. MAP prevented water loss and preserved fruit quality by decreasing oxygen levels and increasing carbon dioxide levels. The changes in TSS ratio were observed while MAP and OA + MAP treatments kept TSS constant. Application of OA + MAP increased acidity by preserving the stability of acidic compounds. Flesh firmness decreased with storage time, but MAP and OA + MAP combinations gave better results. As the storage period progressed, color changes and respiration rate increased, MAP application slowed down fruit respiration and delayed ripening. An increase in carbon dioxide levels was observed during storage, the highest levels were recorded in OA + MAP and CA + MAP applications. MAP application kept nitrogen levels the highest, the nitrogen levels reached equilibrium with the combination of OA and MAP. In addition, OA and CA applications increased phenolic content and antioxidant activity while it decreased in MAP and control groups. In terms of acidic compounds, the combination of OA and MAP was effective in preserving fruit acids. Conclussion: OA + MAP treatments were more effective in preserving fruit quality by reducing water loss, maintaining acidity, and improving flesh firmness compared to other applications. MAP treatment also slowed respiration, delayed ripening, and maintained nitrogen levels, contributing to overall fruit preservation during storage. The study revealed the potential use of these methods in extending fruit quality and shelf life. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Sex Determination Using Image Processing Reveals Elliptical Features of the Female Pelvic Inlet
(Nature Research, 2025) Etli, Y.; Kartal, E.; Demir, U.; Etli, E.; Hekimoglu, Y.; Aşırdizer, M.
The pelvic inlet is one of the critical constraints within the relatively narrow birth canal for the passage of the fetal head. This study tested the hypothesis that the shape of the pelvic inlet differs between females and males, with the expectation that the female pelvic inlet is more elliptical than its male counterpart. Abdomino-pelvic computed tomography images from 600 cases, equally distributed by sex and age groups, were analyzed. Using 3D reconstruction, image processing, ellipse fitting, and a genetic algorithm, we evaluated whether the proposed measures of elliptical similarity in pelvic inlet shape varied by sex. Additionally, discriminant analysis was employed to assess the accuracy of sex determination based on these measures. The results demonstrated significant differences between the two sex groups for all proposed measures. Discriminant analysis achieved a maximum sex determination accuracy of 79.7%. These findings support the hypothesis that the female pelvic inlet has evolved to be more elliptical compared to the male pelvic inlet. If validated by future studies on diverse populations, this hypothesis may gain broader scientific acceptance. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Comprehensive Analysis of FLT3-Mutated Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Updated 2022 European LeukemiaNet Recommendations: Insights from the Turkish AML Registry Project
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2025) Pınar, I.E.; Celik, S.; Polat, M.G.; Karatas, A.F.; Doǧan, A.; Iltar, U.; Cengiz Seval, G.
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance and clinical impact of the revised 2022 European LeukemiaNet (ELN) classification for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), focusing particularly on patients harboring fms-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations. Methods: A retrospective, multicenter observational study was conducted by the Turkish Society of Hematology-Acute Leukemias Working Group, analyzing 312 adult patients newly diagnosed with AML from January 2012 to December 2022. Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia were excluded. FLT3-ITD mutations were detected using polymerase chain reaction and, when available, next-generation sequencing. Patients were classified according to the 2017 ELN risk stratification, and FLT3-ITD-positive cases were reclassified based on the updated 2022 ELN criteria. Endpoints were complete remission (CR), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: FLT3-ITD mutations were identified in 54 (17.3%) patients. According to the 2022 ELN classification, 29 patients previously categorized as the favorable (n = 6) or adverse-risk (n = 23) groups were reclassified into the intermediate-risk group, highlighting the substantial impact of removing the FLT3-ITD allelic ratio from risk stratification. With a median follow-up of 31.8 months, OS significantly differed among the 2017 ELN favorable-, intermediate-, and adverse-risk categories (not reached, 21.6 months, and 9.5 months, respectively, p < 0.001). FLT3-ITD-positive patients demonstrated significantly inferior DFS (p = 0.038) and OS (p = 0.009) compared to FLT3-ITD-negative patients. In patients achieving first CR, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) improved OS in intermediate-risk (p = 0.003), showed a trend in adverse-risk (p = 0.098), and no benefit in favorable-risk (p = 0.351). Among reclassified FLT3-ITD-positive patients, survival outcomes aligned closely with the original intermediate-risk group defined by the 2017 ELN, supporting the rationale behind the ELN revision. Conclusions: Our findings validate the prognostic utility of the revised 2022 ELN guidelines, especially regarding FLT3-ITD-positive AML, emphasizing that the exclusion of the FLT3-ITD allelic ratio yields a more biologically consistent risk categorization. Furthermore, the data support tailored ELN-based risk stratification for older AML patients. Given the modest benefit of HSCT in adverse-risk patients, future refinements should further stratify this group to address their unmet therapeutic needs and enhance survival outcomes. Trial registration: The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05979675). © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Striking Tick-Borne Virus Diversity and Potential Reservoirs Documented During One-Health Cross-Sectional Screening in Anatolia
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2025) Dinçer, E.; Timurkan, M.Ö.; Oğuz, B.; Özan, E.; Coskun, N.; Kiziltepe, Ş.; Polat-Dincer, P.F.P.
Background: An expansion of recently described human pathogenic tick-borne viruses from Central Asia toward Europe has been documented. Located on important bird migration routes, Anatolia is an intercontinental crossing hub with various climactic zones and with an abundance of endemic tick species. We sought to investigate tick-borne viruses utilizing a One Health approach encompassing host-removed ticks and host samples. Methods: We collected host-attached ticks and accompanying plasma in 2023–2024 at locations in 20 provinces representing the 7 distinct geographical regions in Anatolia. The hosts comprised cattle, sheep, dogs, goats, and tortoises. The ticks were morphologically identified, processed in pools, and these pools, along with plasma from cattle, sheep and goats, were subjected to nucleic acid purification and complementary DNA synthesis. Viruses were screened by generic (nairovirus) and specific (Jingmen tick virus, JMTV; Tacheng tick virus 1, TcTV-1; Tacheng tick virus 2, TcTV-2; and Tamdy virus, TAMV) amplification assays and characterized by sequencing. Results: A total of 93 animal plasma samples and 1265 samples from 11 tick species were screened in 192 pools. Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) was detected in five tick species in ten pools (5.2%). Three distinct virus lineages, including Europe 1 and 2, as well as Africa 1, were noted. TcTV-1 was identified in 6 tick species in 12 pools (6.3%) and in a cattle plasma sample. Analysis of the nucleoprotein-encoding sequences revealed two separate virus clades, distinct from those reported from Asia and Europe. TAMV was identified in two tick species (1%). We further detected JMTV in 7 pools (3.6%), with sequences forming a new clade phylogenetically closer to viruses of Asian origin than local strains. Finally, highly divergent sequences of a novel nairovirus, forming a distinct group sharing ancestors with TcTV-1, TAMV, and pangolin/tick-associated nairoviruses, was observed in four pools (2%), comprising Haemaphysalis parva ticks. Conclusions: We described a previously undocumented diversity of tick-borne viral pathogens, CCHFV, TcTV-1, and JMTV, in Anatolia. Possible animal reservoirs of TcTV-1 were identified. These pathogens and TAMV should be considered in the diagnostic workup of cases with symptoms associated with tick bites and in future surveillance efforts. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Analytical Techniques for Methyldopa and Metabolites: A Comprehensive Review
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Barzani, H.A.H.; Sulaiman, S.H.; Omer, R.A.; Mer, A.H.; Ali, H.S.
Methyldopa, a centrally acting α2-adrenergic agonist, remains a key antihypertensive drug, particularly prescribed for pregnant and renal-impaired patients. Its clinical significance has led to extensive research aimed at developing reliable analytical methods for its accurate, sensitive, and selective determination in pharmaceutical formulations and biological matrices. Relevant literature was retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar, restricted to English-language publications. This review critically examines the diverse analytical approaches used for Methyldopa quantification, outlining their principles, advantages, limitations, and applicability in both advanced and resource-limited settings. Chromatographic methods, especially high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), remain the most robust techniques, offering excellent sensitivity (LOD: 10–50 ng/mL for HPLC; as low as 0.7–15 ng/mL for LC-MS/MS) with rapid analysis times. While LC-MS/MS provides superior detection, it is limited by high costs and technical expertise requirements. Electrochemical methods, particularly voltammetry, stand out for their affordability, rapid analysis, and feasibility in decentralized laboratories, achieving LOD values as low as 0.01–0.05 µM. Spectrophotometric approaches, primarily UV-Vis, remain the simplest and most cost-effective options, making them useful for routine quality control, though with reduced selectivity and higher detection limits. Key analytical challenges include Methyldopa’s low concentration in biological fluids, chemical instability, and matrix interferences. This review provides a comparative evaluation of chromatographic, spectrophotometric, and electrochemical techniques, emphasizing the need for portable, low-cost platforms to expand accessibility in therapeutic monitoring. Overall, it offers critical insights for advancing Methyldopa analysis and improving clinical management in diverse healthcare settings. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Real-World Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma: A Multicenter Study of 157 Patients
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Kucukyurt, S.; Koca, O.; Terzi Demirsoy, E.; Akin, S.; Doǧan, A.; Gören, D.; Yiğitbaşı, A.
Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a rare and distinct subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. No consensus exists on optimal frontline treatment, and the use of R-CHOP ± radiotherapy (RT) and DA-EPOCH-R ± RT remains common, yet comparative real-world data are limited. In our multicenter retrospective study, we analyzed PMBCL patients, stratified by the first-line therapy (R-CHOP-21 ± RT or DA-EPOCH-R ± RT). Primary outcomes were complete response (CR) rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS), alongside assessment of treatment-related toxicities and prognostic factors for PFS and OS. We included 157 patients [R-CHOP ± RT group (n = 80) and DA-EPOCH-R ± RT group (n = 77)] with a median age of 31 years, of whom 68.2% were female. CR rates were similar for R-CHOP ± RT (75%) and DA-EPOCH-R ± RT (76.6%). RT use was higher in the R-CHOP group (41.2% vs. 19.5%, p = 0.002). DA-EPOCH-R had significantly higher toxicity (29.9% vs. 16.2%, p = 0.033). The median follow-up of the entire cohort was 29 months with 2-year PFS and OS rates of 73.9% and 83.6%, respectively. Also, PFS and OS did not differ between regimens. In patients achieving CR with R-CHOP, RT omission did not impact survival. Multivariate analysis identified older age, poor performance status, superior vena cava syndrome and splenic involvement as independent OS predictors, while pericardial effusion, splenic involvement and hemoglobin < 10.5 g/dL were linked to inferior PFS. R-CHOP-21 ± RT and DA-EPOCH-R ± RT provide comparable efficacy in PMBCL. Due to the higher toxicity of DA-EPOCH-R, for those achieving CR following R-CHOP, selective RT omission may be a reasonable alternative. Established and disease-specific prognostic factors should guide individualized treatment strategies. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
The Effect of Oxytocin Infusion and Misoprostol on Neonatal Bilirubin Levels
(Springer Heidelberg, 2009) Sahin, H. Guler; Kolusari, Ali; Kamaci, Mansur; Kaynak, Canev; Tuncel, Hatice
Purpose To investigate the association of neonatal bilirubin levels with oxytocin and misoprostol use for labour induction. Methods A total of 100 neonates were included in the study. The first group consisted of 50 healthy babies of women who had received oxytocin infusion, and the second group consisted of 50 healthy babies of women who had received 25 mu g misoprostol every 4 h placed in the posterior fornix for labour induction. Bilirubin and haematocrit levels were measured in all on days 1 and 4 of the neonatal period. Results The levels of bilirubin in the oxytocin group were significantly higher than those in the misoprostol group on day 1 [4.42 +/- 0.27 vs. 3.55 +/- 0.28 mg/dl (P = 0.035)] while they were higher also on day 4 but not significantly so [7.47 +/- 0.63 vs. 6.86 +/- 0.65 mg/dl (P = 0.525)]. The mean haematocrit levels on day 1 were 50.62 +/- 1.23 and 58.04 +/- 1.30 in groups 1 and 2, respectively, with a significant difference between them. The levels were 52.31 +/- 1.27 and 58.96 +/- 1.14 on day 4 and the difference was again significant. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Conclusions Labour induction with misoprostol and oxytocin does not seem to have harmful effects on bilirubin levels in the neonate.
Biological Defence Against Cadmium Stress in Wheat with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Trichoderma: Synergistic Effects on Plant and Soil Health
(Elsevier France-editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2025) Boyno, Gokhan
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils presents a serious threat to crop productivity, soil health, and ecological sustainability. This study aims to elucidate the synergistic potential of two beneficial microorganisms-Funneliformis mosseae (Fm), an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), and Trichoderma harzianum (Th)-in mitigating Cd-stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under controlled conditions. Unlike previous studies that examined these microorganisms individually, this research focuses on their combined application to explore potential interactive effects on plant and soil health. Wheat plants were inoculated with Fm and treated with Th under Cd-stress. After ten-weeks, comprehensive physiological, biochemical, and rhizospheric evaluations were conducted. Cd exposure significantly reduced shoot length by 10 %, total dry-biomass by 24 %, and chlorophyll content by 14 % while increasing oxidative stress markers. In contrast, the Fm + Th treatment significantly improved plant-biomass (by 81 %), restored chlorophyll content (by 16 %), and reduced Cd-translocation from roots to shoots (by 20 %) compared to Cdonly. Antioxidant enzyme activities and phenolic compound levels were also enhanced, indicating co-activation of oxidative stress mitigation pathways. Additionally, Fm and Th acted as indicators of improved soil health, demonstrating increased enzyme activities, organic matter content, and enhanced glomalin production and mycorrhizal colonization. Significant increase in phosphorus uptake was observed in the Fm + Th treatment. This study thus indicates novel synergistic mechanisms of Fm and Th as opposing agents against Cdtoxicity in wheat. These results suggest that integrated microbial approaches can be efficient and sustainable tools for the remediation of plant resilience and soils functionality in contaminated agroecosystems.
Antifungal Potential of Hydrothermal Liquefaction Wastewater in Plant Protection
(Springer, 2025) Durak, Emre Demirer
This study investigates the antifungal potential of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) wastewater against Verticillium dahliae and its effects on the growth of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.). The HTL process generates wastewater containing various antimicrobial compounds, which can offer a sustainable alternative for plant protection. In this research, the biological control agent Trichoderma virens and HTL wastewater were applied both individually and in combination to assess their impact on plant growth and pathogen suppression. The results demonstrated that specific HTL wastewater treatments significantly enhanced root and shoot growth, biomass, and chlorophyll content in pepper plants. Plant growth observed in pathogen-free conditions may be related to the stimulation of plant physiology by biologically active components contained in wastewater, indicating a biostimulatory effect. Notably, the 4th wastewater mixture (wm) exhibited the highest efficacy, promoting plant development and mitigating the negative effects of V. dahliae. The combination of T. virens and wastewater also showed synergistic effects, reducing disease severity by up to 64% and improving plant biomass and structural parameters. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among treatments, highlighting the potential of HTL wastewater as a natural and sustainable strategy for managing soil-borne pathogens. These findings suggest that integrating HTL wastewater with biocontrol agents could offer a promising approach to sustainable agriculture.
Evaluation of Clinical Response according to Category and Level of Evidence for Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Indications: A Single-Center Experience
(Professional Medical Publications, 2025) Dogan, Ali; Aydeniz, Gokhan
Objective: The present study investigates the indications of patients who underwent therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) based on the category and level of evidence outlined in the 2023 guidelines of the American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) and evaluates their treatment responses. Methodology: This retrospective study, the records of patients who underwent TPE at Van Yuzuncu Y & imath;l University Medical Faculty Hospital between January 2020 to December 2024 were reviewed, including their demographic characteristics, indications, plasmapheresis procedure data and complications. The indications were classified according to the categories, levels of evidence and treatment responses laid out in the ASFA 2023 guidelines. Results: A total of 234 adult patients were included in the study, of whom 56.4% were female. Hematological (41.9%) and neurological (38.5%) disorders accounted for the majority of the conditions treated with TPE. Of the total, 53% of the patients were classified as Category-I, while the total proportion of patients with Grade-IA, IB and IC evidence levels was 64.5%. The complete response rate was 35.5% in Category-I patients, the partial response rate was 48.6% in Category-II patients and the no response rate was 50% in Category-III patients. Patients with hematological and neurological disorders recorded high clinical response rates, while rarer conditions showed low clinical response rates. A significant relationship was found between category and level of evidence and clinical response (p<0.05). Conclusion: The clinical efficacy of TPE is significantly associated with the ASFA category and the level of evidence of the indications. The findings of the present study highlight the need to refer to evidence-based guidelines when planning TPE procedures.
Correlation of Transfontanel Ultrasonography and Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurements in Neonates with Hydrocephalus
(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2025) Aycan, Nur; Arslan, Harun; Yurekturk, Eyyup; Basaranoglu, Murat; Ates, Ali; Karaman, Serap; Aycan, Abdurrahman
AIM: To evaluate whether transfontanel ultrasonography could serve as a practical and less complex alternative to brain magnetic resonance imaging in infants with hydrocephalus. MATERIAL and METHODS: In this prospective study, 54 infants diagnosed with hydrocephalus underwent both transfontanel ultrasonography and brain magnetic resonance imaging. A neonatologist and a radiologist independently assessed ventricular measurements, including the Evans index, frontooccipital horn ratio, bilateral ventricular index, anterior horn width, thalamooccipital distance, callosal angle, and corpus callosum length. RESULTS: Among the 54 infants, 48 (88.9%) received a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. A strong correlation was found between transfontanel ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging for most ventricular measurements: Evans index (r=0.875, r=0.937, right r=0.944; p=0.0001 for both), bilateral anterior horn width (left r=0.918, right r=0.908; p=0.0001 for both), and bilateral thalamooccipital distance (left r=0.956, right r=0.919; p=0.0001 for both). The correlation for corpus callosum length was statistically CONCLUSION: Our study emphasizes that transfontanel ultrasonography-which achieves better results in experienced hands- should be widespread and an excellent alternative to unnecessary and repeated imaging methods.
Shear Wave Elastography in the Differentiation of Intra-Abdominal Hematoma and Abscess
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2025) Ozkacmaz, Sercan; Ozgokce, Mesut; Durmaz, Fatma; Akinci, Muhammed Bilal; Alpaslan, Muhammed; Dundar, Ilyas; Binici, Serhat
Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the applicability of shear wave elastography as a quantitative approach for measuring tissue stiffness in the differentiation of intra-abdominal abscesses from hematomas, which share similar radiological findings. Methods: This prospective single-center study included patients with intra-abdominal abscesses or hematomas who underwent shear wave elastography prior to ultrasound-guided drainage in an interventional radiology clinic between 2021 and 2022. An independent samples t-test was used to compare the mean shear wave velocity between the abscess and hematoma groups. Results: A total of 50 patients (33 with abscesses and 17 with hematomas) were included in this study. The elastography values of the patients were expressed as mean +/- standard deviation (minimum-maximum). The mean shear wave velocity of hematomas (1.11 +/- 0.41 (0.54-1.98) m/s) was significantly higher than that of abscesses (0.68 +/- 0.16 (0.36-1.07) m/s) (p< 0.001). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve was 84.8%. When the optimal cutoff value was defined as 0.72, the sensitivity and specificity were 82.4% and 67%, respectively. Conclusion: Shear wave velocity can aid in differentiating intra-abdominal abscesses from hematomas using a simple and widely available method.
Possible Relationships Between Placenta and Serum Asprosin Levels and Pregnancy and Spontaneous Preterm Births
(BMC, 2025) Gul, Cihan; Uckan, Kazim; Cibuk, Salih
ObjectiveAsprosin, a newly characterised adipokine, has been implicated in several physiological and pathological pathways. This study aimed to explore the association between serum and placental asprosin concentrations and the occurrence of preterm births by evaluating their potential as predictive biomarkers.MethodsA total of 75 participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study and categorised into four groups - early preterm (delivery before 34 weeks, n = 15), late preterm (34-37 weeks, n = 15), term delivery (37-42 weeks, n = 30) and nonpregnant controls (n = 15). Serum samples were collected from all individuals, and placental tissues were obtained postdelivery from pregnant participants. Asprosin concentrations were quantified using ELISA, and correlation analyses were conducted to determine associations with clinical variables.ResultsSignificantly elevated asprosin levels were detected in both the serum and placental samples of women with preterm births compared to term deliveries (p = 0.008 for placental samples, p = 0.001 for serum samples). The highest levels were noted in the early preterm group (placental: 18.88 +/- 2.12 ng/ml; serum: 19.04 +/- 3.15 ng/ml). Strong inverse correlations were identified between asprosin levels and gestational age (placental: r = -0.647, p = 0.01; serum: r = -0.716, p = 0.01) and between serum asprosin and neonatal birth weight (r = -0.683, p = 0.01). The ROC analysis indicated cutoff values of 16.58 ng/ml (placenta) and 15.22 ng/ml (serum) as potential thresholds for preterm birth prediction.ConclusionIncreased maternal serum and placental asprosin levels are linked to preterm birth, demonstrating inverse associations with gestational duration and infant birth weight. These results suggest a potential role for asprosin as a predictive biomarker for preterm birth, warranting further mechanistic investigation.
Impact of Mesiodens on Transverse Jaw Dimension and Nasal Septum Deviation in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective CBCT Study
(BMC, 2025) Avci, Burcin; Kaya, Sema
BackgroundMesiodens is the most prevalent type of supernumerary tooth and frequently interferes with the eruption of maxillary incisors. While its dental implications are well described, its potential impact on maxillofacial structures-such as nasal septum deviation (NSD) and transverse skeletal development-has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate these effects in pediatric patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MethodsA total of 102 pediatric patients with mesiodens and 102 age- and sex-matched controls were retrospectively evaluated. Maxillofacial parameters, including nasal base width, maxillary and mandibular transverse widths, and the presence of NSD, were assessed using CBCT. Statistical analyses involved independent t-tests, chi-square tests, and one-way ANOVA with post hoc comparisons (p < .05). ResultsThe presence of mesiodens was significantly associated with a narrower nasal base width (p < .001) and a higher prevalence of NSD (p = .009). No significant differences were observed between groups regarding maxillary (p = .260) or mandibular width (p = .078). ConclusionsThese findings suggest that mesiodens may influence not only dental eruption but also broader craniofacial development. Early detection and comprehensive radiographic evaluation may help mitigate potential maxillofacial complications associated with this anomaly.

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