Deleuze: the Ontology of Language and the Critique of the Language Regime
Abstract
Tezimizde Gilles Deleuze'ün Félix Guattari ile birlikte geliştirdiği dil felsefesini ve göstergebilim etkisindeki yapısalcı dil rejimini Deleuzecü bir perspektifle tartışmayı amaçladık. Modern dilbilim ve göstergebilimin kurucusu olarak kabul edilen Saussure, dilin bir işaretler (simge) dizgesi olduğunu iddia edip yapısal analizini bu perspektifle oluşturmuştur. Saussure, dilin anlık kullanımı olan söz (parole) ile genel kullanımı olan dil (langue) arasında ayrım yaparak kelimeler ile anlamlar arasında keyfi bir bağ olduğunu iddia etmiştir, ona göre insan için anlam toplumsal dille mümkün olabilmektedir. Saussure'ün dil yetisinin ifadesi olarak gördüğü söz ve dil arasındaki karşıtlık ilişkisini Lévi-Strauss antropolojiye uyarlayarak kültürel fenomenleri özellikle mitoloji ve akrabalık dizgeleri ekseninde incelemiştir. Dönemin önemli isimlerinden biri olan Lacan ise yapısalcı yöntemi psikanalitiğe uygulamıştır. Özellikle ayna evresi kavramı, psikanalitik yapı anlayışı ve dil ile bilinçdışı arasında kurduğu paralellik bu iddianın açık örnekleridir. Deleuze, Guattari ile bahsi geçen bilim insanları ve filozofların sabitlik ve karşıtlık ilişkisi odağında oluşturdukları göstergeler rejimini oluş, fark ve tekrar, çokluk, rizom, göçebelik ve yersizyurtsuzluk kavramları ekseninde eleştirerek özgün bir dil felsefesi oluşturmuştur. Deleuze'ün dil felsefesinin ana fikri diğer problematiklerde de olduğu gibi olay anlayışına dayanır. Deleuze geliştirdiği dil felsefesinde anlamı herhangi bir sabitlik ya da karşıtlık ilişkisine mahkûm etmeden oluştaki arzunun pratik hayata nasıl yansıdığını ortaya koymaya çalışmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler : Dil, Göstergebilim, Yapısalcılık, Fark, Göstergeler Rejimi.
In our thesis, we aimed to discuss the philosophy of language developed by Gilles Deleuze together with Félix Guattari and the structuralist language regime influenced by semiotics from a Deleuzian perspective. Saussure, who is considered as the founder of modern linguistics and semiotics, claimed that language is a system of signs (symbols) and formed his structural analysis from this perspective. Saussure distinguished between the immediate use of language (parole) and the general use of language (langue) and argued that there is an arbitrary connection between words and meanings; according to him, meaning for human beings is possible through social language. Lévi-Strauss adapted Saussure's oppositional relationship between speech and language, which he saw as the expression of the language faculty, to anthropology and analyzed cultural phenomena, especially in the axis of mythology and kinship strings. Lacan, one of the most important figures of the period, applied the structuralist method to psychoanalysis. Especially the concept of the mirror phase, his understanding of psychoanalytic structure and the parallelism he established between language and the unconscious are clear examples of this claim. Deleuze, Guattari and the aforementioned scientists and philosophers criticized the regime of signifiers based on the concepts of becoming, difference and repetition, multiplicity, rhizome, nomadism, and homelessness and created an original philosophy of language. The main idea of Deleuze's philosophy of language is based on the understanding of event, as in other problematics. In his philosophy of language, Deleuze tried to reveal how the desire in becoming is reflected in practical life without condemning meaning to any relation of fixity or opposition. Key Words : Language, Semiotics, Structuralism Difference, Regime of Signs..
In our thesis, we aimed to discuss the philosophy of language developed by Gilles Deleuze together with Félix Guattari and the structuralist language regime influenced by semiotics from a Deleuzian perspective. Saussure, who is considered as the founder of modern linguistics and semiotics, claimed that language is a system of signs (symbols) and formed his structural analysis from this perspective. Saussure distinguished between the immediate use of language (parole) and the general use of language (langue) and argued that there is an arbitrary connection between words and meanings; according to him, meaning for human beings is possible through social language. Lévi-Strauss adapted Saussure's oppositional relationship between speech and language, which he saw as the expression of the language faculty, to anthropology and analyzed cultural phenomena, especially in the axis of mythology and kinship strings. Lacan, one of the most important figures of the period, applied the structuralist method to psychoanalysis. Especially the concept of the mirror phase, his understanding of psychoanalytic structure and the parallelism he established between language and the unconscious are clear examples of this claim. Deleuze, Guattari and the aforementioned scientists and philosophers criticized the regime of signifiers based on the concepts of becoming, difference and repetition, multiplicity, rhizome, nomadism, and homelessness and created an original philosophy of language. The main idea of Deleuze's philosophy of language is based on the understanding of event, as in other problematics. In his philosophy of language, Deleuze tried to reveal how the desire in becoming is reflected in practical life without condemning meaning to any relation of fixity or opposition. Key Words : Language, Semiotics, Structuralism Difference, Regime of Signs..
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Felsefe, Philosophy
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