Kars Türkülerinde Mitolojik Ögeler ve Kültürel Bellek
Abstract
ÖZET Türküler, bir toplumun tarihsel hafızasında saklanan kültürel, inançsal ve estetik birikimi kuşaktan kuşağa aktaran, sözlü kültürün en güçlü ifade biçimlerinden biridir. Söz, melodi ve ritim unsurlarının bütünleşmesiyle oluşan bu eserler; bireysel duyguların ötesine geçerek kolektif bilinçaltını, toplumsal değerleri, kimlik inşasını ve mitolojik geçmişi yansıtan çok katmanlı kültürel belgeler niteliği taşımaktadır. Bu yönüyle türküler, bir müzik formu olmasının yanında toplumsal belleği şekillendiren ve kültürel sürekliliği sağlayan bir aktarım aracı olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Tarihsel süreçte bireysel yaratıcılığın sınırlarını aşarak halkın ortak üretimine dönüşen türküler, varyantlarıyla zenginleşmiş ve kültürel belleğin sürekliliğinde işlevsel bir rol üstlenmiştir. Özellikle mitolojik ögeler, bu sürekliliğin sembolik boyutunu temsil etmekte ve geçmişten bugüne taşınan kültürel sembollerin toplumsal hafızada yeniden üretimini sağlamaktadır. Mitolojik izler, halkın ritüel pratiklerinden gündelik yaşamına kadar geniş bir yelpazede varlığını sürdürmekte ve türkülerin anlam evrenine çok katmanlı bir derinlik kazandırmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Kars yöresine ait anonim türküleri merkeze alarak, söz konusu eserlerde bulunan mitolojik unsurların kültürel bellek ile olan ilişkisini kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Araştırmanın temel amacı, Kars türkülerinde yaşayan mitolojik motifleri tespit etmek, bu motiflerin halkın ortak hafızasında nasıl korunduğunu, dönüştürüldüğünü ve yeniden üretildiğini ortaya koymaktır. Böylelikle, türkülerin işlevsel yapısının yalnızca estetik bir ifade aracı değil, aynı zamanda toplumsal kimlik, aidiyet ve dayanışma mekanizmaları açısından da aktif bir rol oynadığı vurgulanmaktadır. Çalışmada, halk bilimi disiplininde yaygın olarak kullanılan metin merkezli analiz yöntemi ve İçerik Analiz Yöntemi kullanılmıştır. TRT Türk Halk Müziği repertuvarı, akademik tez ve makaleler, alan araştırmaları ve yerel derlemelerden elde edilen veriler ışığında Kars yöresine ait türkü metinleri derlenmiştir. Analiz sürecinde doğaüstü varlıklar, kutsal mekân ve nesneler, kadim inanç izleri, göksel ve kozmolojik semboller, hayvan mitolojisi, bitkiler, meyveler, semboller ve kahramanlık temaları işlevsel bir sınıflandırmaya tabi tutulmuştur. İncelenen kırk Kars türküsündeki bulgular, mitolojik unsurların var olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu araştırma, Kars'ın sözlü kültür mirasının belgelenmesi, korunması ve akademik bağlamda değerlendirilmesi bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Türkü, Mitoloji, Kültürel Bellek, Kars, Halk Müziği, Sözlü Kültür
ABSTRACT Folk songs are among the most powerful forms of oral expression that transmit the cultural, spiritual, and aesthetic heritage preserved in a society's historical memory from generation to generation. Formed through the integration of words, melody, and rhythm, these works transcend individual emotions and serve as multilayered cultural documents that reflect the collective unconscious, social values, identity construction, and mythological past. In this respect, folk songs are regarded not only as a musical form but also as a medium that shapes social memory and ensures cultural continuity. Throughout history, folk songs have transcended the boundaries of individual creativity and evolved into collective creations of the people, enriching themselves through their variants and assuming a functional role in maintaining the continuity of cultural memory. Mythological elements, in particular, represent the symbolic dimension of this continuity, ensuring the reproduction of cultural symbols transmitted from the past to the present within the collective memory. Mythological traces persist across a wide spectrum—from ritual practices to daily life—and bestow a multilayered depth upon the semantic universe of folk songs. This study focuses on anonymous folk songs from the Kars region and provides a comprehensive examination of the relationship between the mythological elements found in these songs and cultural memory. The primary aim of the research is to identify the mythological motifs embedded in Kars folk songs and to reveal how these motifs are preserved, transformed, and reproduced within the collective consciousness of the people. Thus, the study emphasizes that the functional structure of folk songs serves not only as an aesthetic form of expression but also as an active mechanism of social identity, belonging, and solidarity. In this research, text-centered analysis and content analysis methods—commonly used in the field of folklore—were employed. Folk song texts belonging to the Kars region were compiled from the TRT Turkish Folk Music repertoire, academic theses and articles, field studies, and local compilations. During the analysis process, supernatural beings, sacred places and objects, traces of ancient beliefs, celestial and cosmological symbols, animal mythology, plants, fruits, symbols, and heroic themes were categorized functionally. The findings obtained from the analysis of forty Kars folk songs revealed the presence of various mythological elements. This research holds significance in terms of documenting, preserving, and academically evaluating the oral cultural heritage of Kars. Keywords: Folk Song, Mythology, Cultural Memory, Kars, Folk Music, Oral Tradition
ABSTRACT Folk songs are among the most powerful forms of oral expression that transmit the cultural, spiritual, and aesthetic heritage preserved in a society's historical memory from generation to generation. Formed through the integration of words, melody, and rhythm, these works transcend individual emotions and serve as multilayered cultural documents that reflect the collective unconscious, social values, identity construction, and mythological past. In this respect, folk songs are regarded not only as a musical form but also as a medium that shapes social memory and ensures cultural continuity. Throughout history, folk songs have transcended the boundaries of individual creativity and evolved into collective creations of the people, enriching themselves through their variants and assuming a functional role in maintaining the continuity of cultural memory. Mythological elements, in particular, represent the symbolic dimension of this continuity, ensuring the reproduction of cultural symbols transmitted from the past to the present within the collective memory. Mythological traces persist across a wide spectrum—from ritual practices to daily life—and bestow a multilayered depth upon the semantic universe of folk songs. This study focuses on anonymous folk songs from the Kars region and provides a comprehensive examination of the relationship between the mythological elements found in these songs and cultural memory. The primary aim of the research is to identify the mythological motifs embedded in Kars folk songs and to reveal how these motifs are preserved, transformed, and reproduced within the collective consciousness of the people. Thus, the study emphasizes that the functional structure of folk songs serves not only as an aesthetic form of expression but also as an active mechanism of social identity, belonging, and solidarity. In this research, text-centered analysis and content analysis methods—commonly used in the field of folklore—were employed. Folk song texts belonging to the Kars region were compiled from the TRT Turkish Folk Music repertoire, academic theses and articles, field studies, and local compilations. During the analysis process, supernatural beings, sacred places and objects, traces of ancient beliefs, celestial and cosmological symbols, animal mythology, plants, fruits, symbols, and heroic themes were categorized functionally. The findings obtained from the analysis of forty Kars folk songs revealed the presence of various mythological elements. This research holds significance in terms of documenting, preserving, and academically evaluating the oral cultural heritage of Kars. Keywords: Folk Song, Mythology, Cultural Memory, Kars, Folk Music, Oral Tradition
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Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, Turkish Language and Literature
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
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Scopus Q
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183