The Relationship Between Fiction and Reality in Franz Werfels Work 'Forty Days on Musa Muontain'
Abstract
19. yüzyılın sonları ve 20. yüzyılın başlarında Osmanlı Devleti'ni meşguleden ve ülkenin bir iç sorunu haline gelen olaylardan bir tanesi Ermeniayaklanmalarıdır. Bağımsız Ermenistan Devleti'ni kurma amacıyla çıkartılan buisyanlar, batılı devletlerce desteklenmiş ve Osmanlı toprakları parçalanmayaçalışılmıştır. Kendisini bekleyen tehlike karşısında Osmanlı hükümeti, tedbiramacıyla ?Tehcir Yasası? çıkartmış ve Ermenileri, güvenliği tehlikeye düşürmeyecekbölgelere nakletmiştir. Bu nakiller esnasında birçok Ermeni vatandaş hayatınıkaybetmiş ve bir insanlık dramı yaşanmıştır. Günümüzde ise Ermeni Diasporası,yaşananlardan dolayı Ermeni soykırımı iddiaları ortaya atarken kendi davalarına dataraftar bulmaya çalışmaktadır. Sonuçta bazı politikacılar, gazeteciler, aydın veyazarlar Ermeni sorunu çıkarma çalışmalarının bir parçası haline gelmişlerdir.?Ermeni Meselesi?nin dünyaya tanıtılmasında katkısı yadsınamayacak yazarlardanbiri olan Avusturyalı yazar Franz Werfel'in Şam gezisi sırasında 1929 yılındatasarladığı ?Musa Dağ'da Kırk Gün? adlı romanı da Anadolu'da 1915 yılındayaşanmış Ermeni tehcirinin yansımalarını içermektedir. Yahudi yazarın romanı,?1915 Tehcir Yasası? uygulamasını ve buna karşı çıkan Ermeni direnişiniişlemektedir. Eser, Hitler faşizmine şahit olmuş Yahudi bir yazarın azınlıkpsikolojisiyle yazdığı bir üründür. Belgesel tarih niteliğindeki romanda Ermenisefaleti ve kaderi anlatılmakta, trajik olaylara sebep olan göç kararını alan hükümetsuçlanmaktadır.Franz Werfel'in sanat anlayışıyla kurgulanmış ve Ermeniler açısından millibir yapıt sayılan romanda anlatılan olaylar, dayandığı tarih çerçevesinde objektifolarak değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Karşı bir savunma olmayan, tarihi hadiselerinbelli bir açıdan değerlendirildiği eser, tarihi gerçekliğiyle aktarılırken Ermenidüşmanlığı yaratılmamaya çalışılmıştır. Netice itibariyle bu çalışma, tarihin kendişartlarıyla algılanması ve insanların yaşanan trajedilerden ders alarak geleceğiniyönlendirmesinin vurgulanmasıdır. Uluslararası barışın hâkim olduğu bir dünyadileğiyleâ ¦
One of the main questions of ottoman Ampire at the end of 19 th century andat the beginning of 20 th century was ?Armenian Rebellion? which was also aninterior problem. The aims of these rebellions were to found an independentArmenian State. These rebellions were also supported by western countries. To takesame precautions ottoman Ampire formed the ?Deportation Law? which deportedArmenians to safer regions in order not to cause any problems. During these deportsa lot of Armenian citizens died and it caused a great tragedy. Nowadays theArmenian Diaspora claims the idea of Armenian genocide and tries to findsupporters. As a result, some politicians, journalists, scholars, writers have become apart of this matter. In Introducing ?The Armenian matter of concern? to the wholeworld, one of the writers whose efforts can?t be denied is Australian Jewish writerFranz Werfel. During his travel to Damascus in 1929, he wrote his novel ?Forty daysin Moses Mount? which was focused on the reflections of the deports of Armeniansin Anatolia in 1915. The novel of the Jewish writer includes the ?1915 DeportationLaw? appliance and the resistance of Armenians against this Law. The book is theproduct of a Jewish writer who with a minority psychology, eyewitnessed Hitler?sfascism. In the novel, which is a documentary history the Armenian misery anddestiny is expressed and the government which issued the deportation law thatcaused tragic events, is accused.The events which are narrated in the novel, which is a national work forArmenians and edited with Franz Werfel?s art point of view, are tried to be valuedobjectively in historical respects. The novel in which historical events are valued in acertain point of view without an antidefence. When the historical facts are expressedFranz Werfel tried not to create Armenian Antagonism. As a result, this work is thepointing out of directing people?s future by taking lessens from the previoustragedies and it is perceiving the history with its own conditionsWith best wishes of an internationally peaceful worldâ ¦
One of the main questions of ottoman Ampire at the end of 19 th century andat the beginning of 20 th century was ?Armenian Rebellion? which was also aninterior problem. The aims of these rebellions were to found an independentArmenian State. These rebellions were also supported by western countries. To takesame precautions ottoman Ampire formed the ?Deportation Law? which deportedArmenians to safer regions in order not to cause any problems. During these deportsa lot of Armenian citizens died and it caused a great tragedy. Nowadays theArmenian Diaspora claims the idea of Armenian genocide and tries to findsupporters. As a result, some politicians, journalists, scholars, writers have become apart of this matter. In Introducing ?The Armenian matter of concern? to the wholeworld, one of the writers whose efforts can?t be denied is Australian Jewish writerFranz Werfel. During his travel to Damascus in 1929, he wrote his novel ?Forty daysin Moses Mount? which was focused on the reflections of the deports of Armeniansin Anatolia in 1915. The novel of the Jewish writer includes the ?1915 DeportationLaw? appliance and the resistance of Armenians against this Law. The book is theproduct of a Jewish writer who with a minority psychology, eyewitnessed Hitler?sfascism. In the novel, which is a documentary history the Armenian misery anddestiny is expressed and the government which issued the deportation law thatcaused tragic events, is accused.The events which are narrated in the novel, which is a national work forArmenians and edited with Franz Werfel?s art point of view, are tried to be valuedobjectively in historical respects. The novel in which historical events are valued in acertain point of view without an antidefence. When the historical facts are expressedFranz Werfel tried not to create Armenian Antagonism. As a result, this work is thepointing out of directing people?s future by taking lessens from the previoustragedies and it is perceiving the history with its own conditionsWith best wishes of an internationally peaceful worldâ ¦
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Keywords
Alman Dili ve Edebiyatı, Tarih, German Linguistics and Literature, History
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
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470