In-Vivo Comparison of the Efficacy of Nigella Sativa, Thymoquinone and Capsaicin Against Toxoplasma Gondii With Primetamin-Sulfadiazin
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2021
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Toxoplazmoz, Toxoplasma gondii'nin neden olduğu, insanların ve diğer sıcak kanlı hayvanların en yaygın paraziter enfeksiyonlarından biridir.Toxoplazmoz için mevcut standart tedavi olan PYR ve SDZ, takizoit büyümesini baskılayabilir, ancak bradizoitler üzerinde hiçbir etkisi yoktur. Ayrıca hamile kadınlarda, konjenital enfeksiyonlarda, immün sistemi baskılanmış ve göz enfeksiyonu olan hastalarda çok ciddi yan etkilere neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, toxoplazmoz tedavisinde daha etkili ve daha az yan etkileri olan tedavi protokollerine ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, toxoplazmozun tedavisi için in vivo olarak PYR-SDZ kombinasyonu ile birlikte Nigella sativa, timokinon ve kapsaisinin etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi, farelerin hayatta kalma süresi ve takizoitlerin sayısının gözlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmamızda 64 adet Balb/c fare 10⁵T.gondii takizoiti ile intraperitonal olarak enfekte edildi. Her biri sekiz adet hayvan içeren sekiz gruba ayrıldı. PYR-SDZ 12.5-200 mg/kg/gün, NS yağı1000 mg/kg/gün, NS yağı500 mg/kg/gün, TQ100 mg/kg/gün, TQ50 mg/kg/gün, KAP50 mg/kg/gün, KAP25 mg/kg/gün ve kontrol grupları oluşturuldu. 24 saat sonra kontrol grubu hariç diğer gruplara tedavi oral olarak 10 gün boyunca uygulandı. PYR-SDZ grubu hariç diğer gruplarda erken kayıplar görüldüğünden ikinci bir deney yapıldı. Bu deneyde 20 adet Balb/c fare 10³ T. gondii takizoitleri ile intraperitonal olarak enfekte edildi ve her biri dört fare içeren beş gruba ayrıldı. PYR-SDZ 12.5-200 mg/kg/gün, NS yağı1000 mg/kg/gün, TQ100 mg/kg/gün, KAP50 mg/kg/gün ve enfeksiyon kontrol grupları oluşturuldu. Birinci deneydeki gibi tedaviler uygulandı. Deney 1'de, PYR-SDZ ve NS yağı1000 mg/kg/gün grupları, diğer tüm gruplarla; NS yağı500 mg/kg/gün grubu da, TQ100 mg/kg/gün, KAP50 mg/kg/gün ve KAP25 mg/kg/gün grupları ile ortalama yaşam olasılıkları açısından anlamlı bir fark gösterdi (p<0.05). Deney 2'de PYR-SDZ ve kontrol grubu, diğer gruplar arasında ortalama yaşam olasılıkları açısından anlamlı bir fark gösterdi (p<0.05). Her iki deneyde PYR-SDZ ilaç grubunda fareler deney sonuna kadar yaşarken (30 gün); sonrasında ise KAP50 mg/kg/gün grubunun (deney 1'de 5.625 gün vedeney 2'de 7.125 gün) yaşam süresinin diğer gruplara göre yüksek olduğu görüldü. Bu çalışma TQ ve kapsaisinin T. gondii'ye karşı etkinliğini araştıran ilk çalışmadır. Toxoplzamoz tedavisinde PYR-SDZ ilaç grubundan sonra kapsaisin en fazla yaşam olasılığı sergilediği tespit edildi. PYR-SDZ ile bu bitkisel ekstraktların kombine kullanıldığı çalışmaların yapılması, hem ilaçların yan etkilerini azaltması hem de yaşam süresini artırma olasılığı açısından faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kapsaisin, Nigella sativa, Primetamin-Sulfadiazin, Timokinon, Toxoplasma gondii.
Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is one of the most common parasitic infections of humans and other warm-blooded animals. Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, the current standard therapy for toxoplasmosis, can suppress tachyzoite growth, but have no effect on bradyzoites. It also causes very serious side effects in pregnant women, congenital infections, immunocompromised patients and patients with eye infections. Therefore, there is a need for a more effective treatment protocols with less side effects. In this study, it wasaimed to evaluate the efficacy of Nigella sativa, thymoquinone and capsaicin in combination with PYR-SDZfor in vivotreatment of the toxoplasmosis, and to observe the survival time of mice and the number of tachyzoites. In our study, 64 Balb/c mice were infected intraperitoneally with 10⁵ T.gondii tachyzoites. They were divided into eight groups, each containing eight mice. PYR-SDZ 12.5-200 mg/kg/day, NS oil1000 mg/kg/day, NS oil500 mg/kg/day, TQ100 mg/kg/day, TQ50 mg/kg/day, KAP50 mg/ kg/day, KAP25 mg/kg/day and control groups were formed. After 24 hours, the treatment was administered orally for 10 days to the other groups except the control group. A second experiment was performed, since early losses were observed in other groups except the PYR-SDZ group. In this experiment, 20 Balb/c mice were infected intraperitoneally with 10³ T. gondii tachyzoites, and they were divided into five groups, each containing four mice. PYR-SDZ 12.5-200 mg/kg/day, NS oil1000 mg/kg/day, TQ100 mg/kg/day, KAP50 mg/kg/day and infection control groups were formed. The treatments were applied as in the first experiment. In experiment 1, PYR-SDZ and NS oil1000 mg/kg/day groups with all other groups; NS oil500 mg/kg/day group alsoshowed a significant differencewith TQ100 mg/kg/day, KAP50 mg/kg/day and KAP25 mg/kg/day groups in their mean survival probability (p<0.05). In experiment 2, In both experiments, mice in the PYR-SDZ drug group lived to the end of the experiment (30 days); Afterwards, the life expectancy of the KAP50 mg/kg/day group (5,625 days in experiment 1 and 7,125 days in experiment 2) was found to be higher than the other groups. In both experiments, mice in the PYR-SDZ drug group lived to the end of the experiment (30 days); Afterwards, the life expectancy of the KAP50 mg/kg/day group (5,625 days in experiment 1 and 7,125 days in experiment 2) was found to be higher than the other groups. This study is the first to investigate the efficacy of TQ and capsaicin against T. gondii. It was determined that after the PYR-SDZ drug group, capsaicin exhibited the highest probability of survival in the treatment of toxoplasmosis. It is thought that conducting studies in which PYR-SDZ and these herbal extracts are used in combination will be beneficial in terms of both reducing the side effects of drugs and increasing life expectancy. Key Words: Capsaicin, Nigella sativa, Pyrimethamine-Sulfadiazine, Thymoquinone, Toxoplasma gondii.
Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is one of the most common parasitic infections of humans and other warm-blooded animals. Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, the current standard therapy for toxoplasmosis, can suppress tachyzoite growth, but have no effect on bradyzoites. It also causes very serious side effects in pregnant women, congenital infections, immunocompromised patients and patients with eye infections. Therefore, there is a need for a more effective treatment protocols with less side effects. In this study, it wasaimed to evaluate the efficacy of Nigella sativa, thymoquinone and capsaicin in combination with PYR-SDZfor in vivotreatment of the toxoplasmosis, and to observe the survival time of mice and the number of tachyzoites. In our study, 64 Balb/c mice were infected intraperitoneally with 10⁵ T.gondii tachyzoites. They were divided into eight groups, each containing eight mice. PYR-SDZ 12.5-200 mg/kg/day, NS oil1000 mg/kg/day, NS oil500 mg/kg/day, TQ100 mg/kg/day, TQ50 mg/kg/day, KAP50 mg/ kg/day, KAP25 mg/kg/day and control groups were formed. After 24 hours, the treatment was administered orally for 10 days to the other groups except the control group. A second experiment was performed, since early losses were observed in other groups except the PYR-SDZ group. In this experiment, 20 Balb/c mice were infected intraperitoneally with 10³ T. gondii tachyzoites, and they were divided into five groups, each containing four mice. PYR-SDZ 12.5-200 mg/kg/day, NS oil1000 mg/kg/day, TQ100 mg/kg/day, KAP50 mg/kg/day and infection control groups were formed. The treatments were applied as in the first experiment. In experiment 1, PYR-SDZ and NS oil1000 mg/kg/day groups with all other groups; NS oil500 mg/kg/day group alsoshowed a significant differencewith TQ100 mg/kg/day, KAP50 mg/kg/day and KAP25 mg/kg/day groups in their mean survival probability (p<0.05). In experiment 2, In both experiments, mice in the PYR-SDZ drug group lived to the end of the experiment (30 days); Afterwards, the life expectancy of the KAP50 mg/kg/day group (5,625 days in experiment 1 and 7,125 days in experiment 2) was found to be higher than the other groups. In both experiments, mice in the PYR-SDZ drug group lived to the end of the experiment (30 days); Afterwards, the life expectancy of the KAP50 mg/kg/day group (5,625 days in experiment 1 and 7,125 days in experiment 2) was found to be higher than the other groups. This study is the first to investigate the efficacy of TQ and capsaicin against T. gondii. It was determined that after the PYR-SDZ drug group, capsaicin exhibited the highest probability of survival in the treatment of toxoplasmosis. It is thought that conducting studies in which PYR-SDZ and these herbal extracts are used in combination will be beneficial in terms of both reducing the side effects of drugs and increasing life expectancy. Key Words: Capsaicin, Nigella sativa, Pyrimethamine-Sulfadiazine, Thymoquinone, Toxoplasma gondii.
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Parazitoloji, Kapsaisin, Nigella sativa L., Pirimetamin, Sulfadiazine, Timokinon, Toxoplasma gondii, Çörekotu, Parasitology, Capsaicin, Nigella sativa L., Pyrimethamine, Sulfadiazine, Thymoquinone, Toxoplasma gondii, Nigella
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