Turkman, Lozan to Iraq Republic
Abstract
Bulunduğu konum itibariyle ilk çağlardan itibaren tarımsal temellere dayanan gelişmiş uygarlıkların yerleşim bölgesi olan Mezopotamya, bugünkü Türkmenler'in yerleşim yeri olan Musul ve çevresini de içine almaktadır. M.S. 650'li yıllardan itibaren Emevi ve daha sonra Abbasiler zamanında dikkat çekmeye başlayan Türkmenler, bölgede kazandıkları saygınlık ile yönetim kademesinde söz sahibi olmaya başlamış, Osmanlı Devlet yönetimi de dahil olmak üzere birbirini takip eden zamanlarda devam eden göçlerle yerleşimlerini tamamlamışlardır. I. Dünya Savaşı'nda Osmanlı Devleti'nin yenilmesi ile birlikte bu topraklarda yapay bir Irak Devleti kurulmuştur. Bu dönem Irak Türkleri'nin bitmeyen çilesinin başlangıcı olmuştur. Kerkük, Erbil ve Süleymaniye illerinin bağlı olduğu Osmanlı Devleti'nin bir eyaleti olan Musul, dönemin süper gücü İngiltere'nin petrol ve sömürgesi Hindistan'a giden yolun geçiş noktası olması nedeniyle kazandığı jeostratejik öneme binaen savaş sonrasının en önemli meselesi olmuştur. Musul; Misâk-ı Milî sınırları içerisinde olmasına rağmen İngiltere'nin hile ve entrikaları nedeniyle Lozan ve Haliç Konferansı'nda çözüme kavuşturulmayarak Türkiye'nin üyesi dahi olmadığı Cemiyeti Akvam'a gönderilmiş ve 5 Haziran 1926 Ankara Antlaşması ile İngiliz mandası altındaki Irak'a bırakılmıştır. Irak Krallığı, 1932 yılında İngiliz mandasından kurtulmuş fakat İngiliz nüfuzu devam etmiştir. Bağımsız bir devlet olarak Milletler Cemiyeti'ne üyeliğinin kabulü için 30 Mayıs 1932 tarihinde bir deklarasyon yayınlamıştır. Bu deklarasyonla; Irak Türkleri'nin haklarını ve varlıklarını tanımakla kalmamış ve Birleşmiş Milletler garantisi altında olduğunu da taahhüt etmiştir. Fakat uygulama hiçbir zaman bu şekilde olmamıştır. Kuruluşundan 1958 yılındaki cumhuriyetin ilanına kadar olan sürede Türkmenler'e uygulamada herhangi bir hak tanınmamış, her türlü baskı, sürgün, hapis, imha, inkar ve katliama maruz bırakılmıştır. Türkmenler'in haklarını savunmak adına çok önemli bir dayanak oluşturan Krallık Deklarasyonu, maalesef günümüze kadar dikkatlerden uzak kalmıştır. Günümüze kadar Irak vatandaşları olarak yaşamaya devam eden Türkmenler; bütün bu haksızlıklara rağmen, devlete karşı isyan etmemişler, silaha sarılarak ayrılıkçı bir harekette bulunmamışlardır. Üstelik Irak'ın en sadık vatandaşları olarak, devletin her kademesinde hizmet vermişlerdir. Buna karşılık Irak Yönetimi, sürekli biçimde kuşku ile baktığı Türk toplumunun siyasi ve kültürel haklarını zaman içinde çiğnemiş hatta en basit vatandaşlık haklarını bile Türkmenlerden esirgemiştir.
Mezopotamya that is the location of advanced civilization with its position from early eras to be based on agricultural background also includes Musul and its surroundings which is Turkman?s habitat. Fom A.C. 650?s, Turkman?s becoming to pay attention at first Emevi?s Later Abbasi?s time, took part in management with their honor and prestige, including Otoman Empire era comleted their residance with continous immigrations. An artificial Iraq Government was built at his habitat with the Ottoan Empire?s defeat at First World War. This period has been the beginning of Iraq Turk?s endless torture. Musul which is one of the province of Otoman Empire like Kerkük, Erbil and Süeymaniye became the significant problem of after war negotiaitions since its being on the way of India which is the colony of England the super power of that era. Musul problem, though its in the border of Misâk-ı Milî, sent to Cemiyeti Akvam that is not a membership of Ottoman?s with England?s intrigue and guile not being solved Lozan and Haliç Conference and was left to Iraq which is mandate of England with 5 June 1926 treaty. Iraq Kingdom was gotten rid of England mandate but England influence continued. A declaration was announced for acceptance as an independent country to Milletler Cemiyeti membership at 30 May 1932. With this declaration; it accepted not only Iraq Turk?s rights and living but also United Nation?s guarantee. But it was never executed in practice. None of rights was given to Turkman?s from its foundation to republic at 1958 in practice, every way of duress, immigration, jail, extermination, rejection and genocide was exposed to Turkman?s. Unfortunately Kingdom Declaration which is Click here to buy ABBYY PDF Transformer 2.0 www.ABBYY.com Click here to buy ABBYY PDF Transformer 2.0 www.ABBYY.com 119 the most important institution to defence their rights has been away of public attention up to now. Turkman?s living up to now as a Iraq citizen, didn?t revolt to government despite this injustice and not a part of armed seperated group. In addition to this they took part in every service of government was unfair to Turkman?s to whom they look suspicious continuously, violet violeted their political and cutural rights and even grudged
Mezopotamya that is the location of advanced civilization with its position from early eras to be based on agricultural background also includes Musul and its surroundings which is Turkman?s habitat. Fom A.C. 650?s, Turkman?s becoming to pay attention at first Emevi?s Later Abbasi?s time, took part in management with their honor and prestige, including Otoman Empire era comleted their residance with continous immigrations. An artificial Iraq Government was built at his habitat with the Ottoan Empire?s defeat at First World War. This period has been the beginning of Iraq Turk?s endless torture. Musul which is one of the province of Otoman Empire like Kerkük, Erbil and Süeymaniye became the significant problem of after war negotiaitions since its being on the way of India which is the colony of England the super power of that era. Musul problem, though its in the border of Misâk-ı Milî, sent to Cemiyeti Akvam that is not a membership of Ottoman?s with England?s intrigue and guile not being solved Lozan and Haliç Conference and was left to Iraq which is mandate of England with 5 June 1926 treaty. Iraq Kingdom was gotten rid of England mandate but England influence continued. A declaration was announced for acceptance as an independent country to Milletler Cemiyeti membership at 30 May 1932. With this declaration; it accepted not only Iraq Turk?s rights and living but also United Nation?s guarantee. But it was never executed in practice. None of rights was given to Turkman?s from its foundation to republic at 1958 in practice, every way of duress, immigration, jail, extermination, rejection and genocide was exposed to Turkman?s. Unfortunately Kingdom Declaration which is Click here to buy ABBYY PDF Transformer 2.0 www.ABBYY.com Click here to buy ABBYY PDF Transformer 2.0 www.ABBYY.com 119 the most important institution to defence their rights has been away of public attention up to now. Turkman?s living up to now as a Iraq citizen, didn?t revolt to government despite this injustice and not a part of armed seperated group. In addition to this they took part in every service of government was unfair to Turkman?s to whom they look suspicious continuously, violet violeted their political and cutural rights and even grudged
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Tarih, History
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
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Scopus Q
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