Academic Criticism in Turkey: a Comparative Approach To Mehmet Kaplan and Berna Moran’s Methods of Criticism
Abstract
Terimsel ve kavramsal olarak Türk edebiyatında farklı dönemlerde farklı anlamlara işaret etmiş olan eleştirinin, akademik alanda temsili Türk edebiyatı eserleri ve sanatçılarına dönük çalışma ve tezlerle başlar. Mehmet Fuat Köprülü'nün (1890-1966) edebiyat tarihçiliği çizgisindeki metodu ile Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar'ın (1901-1962) bir sanatçı olarak da esere yaklaşan metodu öğrencileri olan Mehmet Kaplan'da (1915-1986) hem tarihçiliğe hem de metin incelemesine dönük bir yön bulur. Kaplan'ın ağırlıklı metodu olan metin tahlili bu nedenle tarihçi bir yöne sahiptir. Kaplan'ın kimi Batı kuramlarından da faydalanmış olması önemli bir noktadır.Türk edebiyatları bölümlerindeki klasik edebiyatın da etkisiyle gelişen şerhe dönük ve öznel çalışmalara karşılık, Batı filolojilerinde yetişen hocalar Batıda gelişen inceleme ve eleştiri kuramlarına daha yakın olmalarının da etkisiyle eleştiriye daha kuramsal bir yön kazandırdılar. Özellikle Berna Moran (1921-1999) Edebiyat Kuramları ve Eleştiri (1972) adlı eseriyle kuramsal alandaki önemli bir boşluğu doldurarak bu yönde eleştirel çalışmalara başlar. Moran'ın kuramsal eleştiriyi benimsemesinin yanında Yeni Eleştiri metodunu uygulaması önemlidir. Moran'ın bir diğer önemli yönü ise bir karşılaştırmacı olarak karşılaştırmalı edebiyatın gelişmesinde etkili olmasıdır.Kaplan ve Moran'ın metni önceleyen yöntemleri ve sahalarında yetiştirdikleri öğrencileri, etkilerinin Türk edebiyatında ne kadar yaygın olduğunun görülmesi açısından da önemlidir. Bu nedenle her iki isim eserleri ve yetiştirdikleri öğrencileri ile Türk edebiyatında akademik eleştirinin şekillenmesinde önemli bir konuma sahiptir. Bu çalışma, Mehmet Kaplan ve Berna Moran'ın eleştirel yaklaşımlarını irdeleyerek Türk edebiyatındaki konumları ve etkileri açısından incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Representation of criticism which refers to different terminological and conceptually meanings in different periods of Turkish literature, begins to work towards to Turkish literature works and authors. Mehmet Fuad Köprülü?s (1890-1966) method that on line of literary histography and Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar?s (1901-1962) method that approaches to works as an artist, approach of Mehmet Kaplan (1915-1986) who is their student, finds a direction both historicism and text analysis. Therefore text analysis which Kaplan?s weighted method has a historian direction. It?s an important point that Kaplan also benefited from Western theories.Response to works that turned to explanation and sunjective works that grow up inspire of the classical literature in Turkish literature departments, lecturers of Western philology gave a more theroretical direction by the effect of their closer position to critique theories. Especially Berna Moran (1921-1999) begins critical works in this direction with his work of Literary Theory and Criticism (1972) by fill an important gap in the theoretical field. Moran?s application of the method of New Criticism is imtortant as well as his adoption of theoretical criticism. An another important aspect of Moran is his effect on progress of comparative literature as a comparative linguist.Kaplan?s and Moran?s text preceding methods and their students educated on their field are also important for Turkish literature to see why their effects so widespread. For this reason, both names have an important position to shaping the academic criticism with their works and students. This study aims searching with angle of their locations and effects in Turkish literature by examining Mehmet Kaplan?s and Berna Moran?s critical approach.
Representation of criticism which refers to different terminological and conceptually meanings in different periods of Turkish literature, begins to work towards to Turkish literature works and authors. Mehmet Fuad Köprülü?s (1890-1966) method that on line of literary histography and Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar?s (1901-1962) method that approaches to works as an artist, approach of Mehmet Kaplan (1915-1986) who is their student, finds a direction both historicism and text analysis. Therefore text analysis which Kaplan?s weighted method has a historian direction. It?s an important point that Kaplan also benefited from Western theories.Response to works that turned to explanation and sunjective works that grow up inspire of the classical literature in Turkish literature departments, lecturers of Western philology gave a more theroretical direction by the effect of their closer position to critique theories. Especially Berna Moran (1921-1999) begins critical works in this direction with his work of Literary Theory and Criticism (1972) by fill an important gap in the theoretical field. Moran?s application of the method of New Criticism is imtortant as well as his adoption of theoretical criticism. An another important aspect of Moran is his effect on progress of comparative literature as a comparative linguist.Kaplan?s and Moran?s text preceding methods and their students educated on their field are also important for Turkish literature to see why their effects so widespread. For this reason, both names have an important position to shaping the academic criticism with their works and students. This study aims searching with angle of their locations and effects in Turkish literature by examining Mehmet Kaplan?s and Berna Moran?s critical approach.
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Keywords
Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, Eleştiri, Kaplan, Mehmet, Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyat, Moran, Berna, Turkish Language and Literature, Criticism, Kaplan, Mehmet, Comparative Literature, Moran, Berna
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
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Scopus Q
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140

