Kahramanmaraş Depremlerinde Görev Alan AFAD Arama Kurtarma Ekiplerinin Etkinlik Düzeyinin Değerlendirilmesi: Hatay Örneği
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2025
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Bu tez, 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Kahramanmaraş merkezli olarak meydana gelen depremlerin ardından, Hatay ilinde yürütülen arama-kurtarma faaliyetlerinde sahada görev alan ekiplerin başta Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı(AFAD) olmak üzere, Ulusal Medikal Kurtarma Ekipleri (UMKE), Jandarma Arama Kurtarma (JAK) birimleri, itfaiye teşkilatları ve çeşitli sivil toplum kuruluşlarına bağlı grupların ilk müdahale sürecindeki operasyonel etkinliğini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, afet sahasında doğrudan görev almış 39 arama kurtarma personeliyle yapılan görüşmelerde, önceden hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış soru seti temel alınmış; görüşme esnasında takip ve ek sorularla derinleştirme yapılmıştır. Elde edilen saha verileri, MAXQDA 2024 nitel analiz yazılımı kullanılarak tematik düzeyde çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, arama kurtarma süreçlerinin sadece teknik yeterlilikle değil; aynı zamanda kurumsal koordinasyon, ekipman standardizasyonu, lojistik yönetimi, personel eğitimi ve psikososyal dayanıklılık gibi çok boyutlu unsurlarla doğrudan ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Özellikle ilk müdahale saatlerinde yaşanan iletişim ve koordinasyon sorunları, müdahale hızını ve başarı oranını olumsuz etkilemiştir. Ayrıca, Türkiye Afet Müdahale Planı'nın teorikçerçevesi ile sahadaki uygulama arasındaki kopukluklar, afet yönetimi yapısında yapısal reform ihtiyacını açıkça göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, arama kurtarma ekiplerinin etkinliğini artırmak amacıyla geliştirilen politika önerileri; sahaya özgü planlamaların güçlendirilmesi, afetlere hazırlık düzeyinin artırılması, teknoloji destekli erken uyarı ve veri sistemlerinin yaygınlaştırılması ile AFAD ve diğer arama kurtarma faaliyetleri yürüten kuruluşların uluslararası standartlara uyum sağlayacak şekilde yeniden yapılandırılmasını öngören kapsamlı bir dönüşüm çerçevesi sunmaktadır. Çalışma, afet yönetimi literatürüne sahaya dayalı özgün verilerle katkı sunmayı hedeflemektedir.
This thesis aims to evaluate the operational effectiveness of the teams that took part in the search and rescue activities carried out in Hatay province following the earthquakes that occurred on 6 February 2023, centered on Kahramanmaraş, in the first response process of the teams affiliated with the Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD), National Medical Rescue Teams (UMKE), Gendarmerie Search and Rescue (JAK) units, fire brigades, and various non-governmental organizations.Within the scope of the study, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 39 search and rescue personnel who were directly involved in the disaster area; the field data obtained were analyzed at the thematic level using MAXQDA 2024 qualitative analysis software. The research findings revealed that search and rescue processes are directly related not only to technical competence but also to multidimensional factors such as institutional coordination, equipment standardization, logistics management, personnel training, and psychosocial resilience. Communication and coordination problems, especially during the first response hours, negatively affected the response speed and success rate. In addition, the gaps between the theoretical framework of the Turkish Disaster Response Plan (TAMP) and its implementation in the field clearly show the need for structural reform in the disaster management structure. The policy recommendations developed in this study to increase the effectiveness of search and rescue teams provide a comprehensive transformation framework that envisions strengthening site-specific planning, increasing disaster preparedness, expanding technology-supported early warning and data systems, and restructuring AFAD and other organizations conducting search and rescue activities to comply with international standards. The study aims to contribute to the disaster management literature with original field-based data.
This thesis aims to evaluate the operational effectiveness of the teams that took part in the search and rescue activities carried out in Hatay province following the earthquakes that occurred on 6 February 2023, centered on Kahramanmaraş, in the first response process of the teams affiliated with the Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD), National Medical Rescue Teams (UMKE), Gendarmerie Search and Rescue (JAK) units, fire brigades, and various non-governmental organizations.Within the scope of the study, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 39 search and rescue personnel who were directly involved in the disaster area; the field data obtained were analyzed at the thematic level using MAXQDA 2024 qualitative analysis software. The research findings revealed that search and rescue processes are directly related not only to technical competence but also to multidimensional factors such as institutional coordination, equipment standardization, logistics management, personnel training, and psychosocial resilience. Communication and coordination problems, especially during the first response hours, negatively affected the response speed and success rate. In addition, the gaps between the theoretical framework of the Turkish Disaster Response Plan (TAMP) and its implementation in the field clearly show the need for structural reform in the disaster management structure. The policy recommendations developed in this study to increase the effectiveness of search and rescue teams provide a comprehensive transformation framework that envisions strengthening site-specific planning, increasing disaster preparedness, expanding technology-supported early warning and data systems, and restructuring AFAD and other organizations conducting search and rescue activities to comply with international standards. The study aims to contribute to the disaster management literature with original field-based data.
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Kamu Yönetimi, Public Administration
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296