The Nutritional Status of Apple Trees in Duhok Province of Northern Iraq
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2021
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2018-2019 büyüme sezonunda Irak'ın kuzeyindeki Duhok ilinde dört farklı kırsal alandaki elma bahçelerinde bir saha araştırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma, Irak'ın kuzeyinde Duhok ilinin dört farklı köyünde (Bagira, Babire, Dillia ve Kanimassi) örnekleme için seçilen üç elma bahçesinden oluşmuştur. Herbir elma bahçesindeki beş ağaçtan toplam altmış takım yaprak örneği toplanmıştır. Her bir bahçeden dört toprak örneği alınmış böylece alınan örneklerin sayısı tüm araştırma için kırk sekiz adet olmuştur. Toprak bünyesi , EC, pH, O.M, O.C ve CaCO3 gibi bazı toprak özellikleri ve besin elementi içerikleri analiz edilmiştir. Bitki örneklerinde yaprak alanı, klorofil içeriği ve besin elementi içerikleri (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn) belirlenmiştir. GPS sistemi, her bir örnekleme noktasının koordinatlarını belirlemek için kullanılmıştır. Veriler, Minitab yazılım paketi 16 ile tek yollu ANOVA kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bitki büyüme karakterleriyle ilgili olarak, Babire ve Bagira köylerindeki elma ağaçlarının yapraklarında diğer iki ilçeye kıyasla en yüksek yaprak alanları (64,8 cm2 ve 63,2 cm2) ve klorofil yüzdeleri (% 54.6 ve %58,6) ölçülmüş, daha düşük değerler ise ortalama olarak Dillia köylerinin yaprak örnekleri için kaydedilmiştir. Elma bahçelerinde, yaprak mikro besin elementi (Fe, Zn, Mn ve Cu) içerikleri optimum veya yeterli düzeylerde iken optimum aralıklarda sunulan Ca ve N dışındaki yaprak makro besin elementleri yetersizdi.
A field survey was carried out on apple orchards within four different rural areas at Duhok province, north of Iraq during the growing season of 2018-2019. The survey consisted of three apple orchards, that were chosen for sampling, in four different villages of Duhok province in north of Iraq (Bagira, Babire, Dillia and Kanimassi). The total rate of sixty set of leaf samples were picked up from five trees in each apple orchards. four soil samples have been taken from each orchard, so the numbers of taken samples were forty-eight for the whole research. Some soil properties including soil texture, EC, pH, O.M, O.C, and CaCO3 and nutrients contents were analysed. In plant samples leaf area chlorophyll content and nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn) were determined. The GPS system was used to determine coordinates of each sampling point. The data were analyzed using one -way ANOVA using the Minitab software package 16. Concerning vegetative growth characters, the highest leaf areas (64.8cm2 and 63,2 cm2) and chlorophyll percentages (54.6% and 58,6%) were measured for leaves of apple trees in Babire and Bagira villages as compared to the other two districts and the lower value was recorded for leaf samples of Dillia villages. The determined quantity of soil available macro nutrients was observed in apple orchards of the Kanimassi district and the fewer amounts were recorded in Dillia villages. Most of leaf contents of macronutrients were insufficient in the apple orchards except Ca and N which were presented in optimum ranges whereas the leaf micronutrients contents (Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu) were in optimum or sufficient levels.
A field survey was carried out on apple orchards within four different rural areas at Duhok province, north of Iraq during the growing season of 2018-2019. The survey consisted of three apple orchards, that were chosen for sampling, in four different villages of Duhok province in north of Iraq (Bagira, Babire, Dillia and Kanimassi). The total rate of sixty set of leaf samples were picked up from five trees in each apple orchards. four soil samples have been taken from each orchard, so the numbers of taken samples were forty-eight for the whole research. Some soil properties including soil texture, EC, pH, O.M, O.C, and CaCO3 and nutrients contents were analysed. In plant samples leaf area chlorophyll content and nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn) were determined. The GPS system was used to determine coordinates of each sampling point. The data were analyzed using one -way ANOVA using the Minitab software package 16. Concerning vegetative growth characters, the highest leaf areas (64.8cm2 and 63,2 cm2) and chlorophyll percentages (54.6% and 58,6%) were measured for leaves of apple trees in Babire and Bagira villages as compared to the other two districts and the lower value was recorded for leaf samples of Dillia villages. The determined quantity of soil available macro nutrients was observed in apple orchards of the Kanimassi district and the fewer amounts were recorded in Dillia villages. Most of leaf contents of macronutrients were insufficient in the apple orchards except Ca and N which were presented in optimum ranges whereas the leaf micronutrients contents (Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu) were in optimum or sufficient levels.
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Ziraat, Agriculture
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