Optimization of Removal Conditions for Basic Red 46 from Aqueous Solutions on Pinecone as an Eco-Friendly Adsorbent

Abstract

Pinecone removal performance was investigated for Basic Red 46 (BR 46) adsorption and optimal removal conditions were determined with the response surface methodology (RSM). Initial BR 46 concentration (20-60 mg L-1), temperature (298 K-318 K) and contact time (10-180 min) were selected as independent variables and removal percentage of BR 46 values were used as dependent variables. The quadratic model of the response to the independent variables was developed and 3D plots were interpreted as per selected variables. The selected model and terms presenting the p<0.05 are significant and they are considered to be statistically significant with the interaction of the initial BR 46 concentration and contact time. Analysis of variance was used to examine the interaction of response with independent variables and the results evidencing that the model regression was acceptable. The reliability of optimization studies was evaluated with R2, adjusted R2 and predicted R2 values which were obtained the 0.9792, 0.9604 and 0.8281, respectively. These determined R2 values were showed that high relationship between the predicted and calculated removal percentages. The removal percentage of BR 46 was obtained 64.43%, 70.78%, and 74.52% for 60 mg L-1 dye concentration at 298 K, 308 K and 318 K, respectively. The optimized conditions with DE program was obtained 55.20 mg L-1 initial BR 46 concentration, 151 min contact time and 314 K temperature for 74.15% removal percentage of BR 46.