Morrphological and Molecular Investigations on Sphatitiid Ciliates (ciliophora, Spathidiida) Isolated From Coastal Sands of Lake Van
Abstract
Bu çalışmada Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniverstesi yerleşkesi kıyılarındaki kum ve toprak örneklerinde yaşayan spathidiid siliyatlar izole edildi, morfolojik özellikleri ile moleküler filogenetik özellikleri araştırıldı. Petri kültürlerinde farklı morfolojik özelikler gösteren üç spathidiid popülasyonu belirlendi. Bu popülasyonların morfolojik özellikleri canlı incelemeler ve gümüş boyama teknikleri kullanılarak ortaya çıkarıldı. İzole edilen popülasyonların 18S rDNA gen bölgesi çoğaltılarak dizileri belirlendi. Kültür ortamında birbiri ardınca çoğalan popülasyonların gen dizileri karşılaştırıldığında, üç popülasyonun da birbirine benzer diziye sahip olduğu anlaşıldı. Bu benzerlikten dolayı izole edilen popülasyonların aynı popülasyonun farklı yaşam döngülerindeki morfolojik varyasyonlar olduğuna karar verildi. Bu popülasyonlar hücre şekli, oral ve somatik siliyatür ile nüklear organizasyon bakımından Spathidium spathula'ya yakın fakat 18S rDNA gen dizisi bakımından ondan farklı olduğu anlaşıldığından, izole edilen bu popülasyon herhangi bir türe dahil edilmedi ve Spathidium sp. olarak bildirildi. Bu çalışmada izole edilen Spathidium sp. popülasyonunun diğer spathidiid siliyatlar ile aynı ana kladda yer almakla birlikte hemcinslerinden ziyade Lagynophrya acuminata, Enchelys gasterosteus ve Balantidion pellucidum ile daha yakın ilişki içerisinde olduğu görüldü. Haptorid siliyatların morfolojik ve filogenetik sınıflandırma modelleri arasında uyumsuzlukların olduğuna dair önceki çalışmalarda pek çok kayıt mevcuttur. Bu sorun, haptorian siliyatların morfolojik taksonomisinde kullanılan karakterlerin homolojiyi temsil etmediği, farklı soy hatlarında birbirinden bağımsız olarak birden çok kez ortaya çıkmış olmasından kaynaklanabilir. Bu sorunun üstesinden gelmek için genetik olarak benzer siliyatların taşıdıkları ortak morfolojik karakterler belirlenerek morfolojik taksonominin yeniden değerlendirimesi önerilmektedir.
In this study, spathidiid ciliates living in sand and soil samples on the shores of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University campus were isolated, morphological and molecular phylogenetic properties were investigated. Three spathidiid populations with different morphological characteristics were observed in Petri cultures. Morphological features of these populations were revealed using live investigations and silver staining techniques. The 18S rDNA gene region of the isolated populations was amplified and gene sequences were determined. Comparing the gene sequences of the populations that reproduced one after another in the culture medium, it was found that all three populations had similar sequences. Due to this similarity, it was decided that the isolated populations were morphological variations in different life cycles of the same population. These populations were found to be close to Spathidium spathula in terms of cell shape, oral and somatic ciliature, and nuclear organization, but since the 18S rDNA gene sequence of the current population was very different from it, it could not be included in any species and reported as Spathidium sp. In this study, it was observed that the isolated Spathidium sp. population was in the same main clade as other spathidiid ciliates, but it was more closely related to Lagynophrya acuminata, Enchelys gasterosteus and Balantidion pellucidum rather than their congeners. There are many records in previous studies that there are incompatibilities between morphological and phylogenetic classification models of Haptorian ciliates. This problem may be due to the fact that the characters used in the morphological taxonomy of haptorid ciliates do not represent homology, and have emerged more than once in different lineages independently. To overcome this problem, it is recommended to re-evaluate the morphological taxonomy by identifying common morphological characters carried by genetically similar ciliates.
In this study, spathidiid ciliates living in sand and soil samples on the shores of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University campus were isolated, morphological and molecular phylogenetic properties were investigated. Three spathidiid populations with different morphological characteristics were observed in Petri cultures. Morphological features of these populations were revealed using live investigations and silver staining techniques. The 18S rDNA gene region of the isolated populations was amplified and gene sequences were determined. Comparing the gene sequences of the populations that reproduced one after another in the culture medium, it was found that all three populations had similar sequences. Due to this similarity, it was decided that the isolated populations were morphological variations in different life cycles of the same population. These populations were found to be close to Spathidium spathula in terms of cell shape, oral and somatic ciliature, and nuclear organization, but since the 18S rDNA gene sequence of the current population was very different from it, it could not be included in any species and reported as Spathidium sp. In this study, it was observed that the isolated Spathidium sp. population was in the same main clade as other spathidiid ciliates, but it was more closely related to Lagynophrya acuminata, Enchelys gasterosteus and Balantidion pellucidum rather than their congeners. There are many records in previous studies that there are incompatibilities between morphological and phylogenetic classification models of Haptorian ciliates. This problem may be due to the fact that the characters used in the morphological taxonomy of haptorid ciliates do not represent homology, and have emerged more than once in different lineages independently. To overcome this problem, it is recommended to re-evaluate the morphological taxonomy by identifying common morphological characters carried by genetically similar ciliates.
Description
Keywords
Biyoloji, Biology
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
Start Page
End Page
109

