Soğuksu Tabiat Parkı (Sarıkamış-Kars) ve Çevresinde Yetişen Makrofunguslar ve Yenen Bazı Türlerin Biyokimyasal İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Arazi ve laboratuvar çalışmaları sonucu toplam 131 makrofungus türü teşhiş edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Soğuksu Tabiat Parkı ve çevresinde yetişen 50 yenebilir, 19 zehirli ve 62 yenmez makrofungus türü tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın amacı, bu türlerin biyokimyasal içeriklerini inceleyerek besin değerlerini belirlemek ve sağlık açısından taşıdıkları potansiyel riskleri değerlendirmektir. Yenebilir makrofungus türlerinin toplam antioksidan aktivitesi, toplam fenolik, toplam flavonoidler, vitamin C ve mineral içerikleri analiz edilmiştir. Bu türlerden Agaricus augustus Fr., Agaricus campestris L., Leccinum scabrum (Bull.) Gray, Leccinum versipelle (Fr.) Snell, Collybia nuda (Bull.) Z.M. He & Zhu L. Yang Lyophyllum decastes (Fr.) Singer, Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer, Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél. Russula delica Fr. veş Sarcodon squamosus (Schaeff.) Quél. olmak üzere 10 türün biyokimyasal içeriği incelenmiştir. Teşhisleri ve analizleri yapılan makrofungus örneklerinin sistematikleri belirlenmiş, basidiokarp ile spor fotoğrafları çekilmiş ayrıca yayılışları, yenilebilirlik durumları ve diğer özellikleri kaydedilmiştir. Bu örnekler, Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Mikoloji Araştırma laboratuvarında (VANF) saklanmaktadırlar. Doğal olarak yetişen ve yenilebilir mantar türlerin tüketimi sadece bir protein veya karbonhidrat kaynağı olarak değil, aynı zamanda biyoaktif bileşenler ve eser elementler bakımından zengin doğal fonksiyonel gıdalar olarak ele alınmalıdır. Mantar türlerinin biyokimyasal ve mineral içerik bakımından türler arasında önemli varyasyonlar gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle Pleurotus eryngii, toplam fenolik bileşikler, C vitamini, demir (Fe), magnezyum (Mg) ve manganez (Mn) içeriği bakımından en zengin türler arasında yer almaktadır. Sarcadon squamosus, yüksek toplam antioksidan aktivitesi ve flavonoid içeriği ile öne çıkmaktadır. Agaricus campestris, özellikle flavonoid ve fenolik bileşikler yönünden dikkate değer bir zenginliğe sahiptir. Russula delica, potasyum (K), krom (Cr) ve çinko (Zn) içeriği açısından ön plana çıkmaktadır. Leccinum versipelle ise çinko (Zn) ve C vitamini bakımından yüksek değerlere sahip olup, besleyici özellikleriyle dikkat çekmektedir. Buna karşın, bazı türler belirli bileşikler yönünden düşük değerlere sahip olsa da bu durum onların potansiyel farmakolojik etkilerinin olabileceği gözardı edilmemelidir. Anahtar kelimeler: Biyokimyasal İçerik, Kars- Sarıkamış, Makrofungus, Mineral İçerik
As a result of field and laboratory studies, a total of 131 macrofungus samples were identified. In this study, 50 edible, 19 poisonous and 62 inedible macrofungi species growing in Soğuksu Nature Park and its surroundings were identified. The aim of the study was to determine the nutritional values of these species by examining their biochemical contents and to evaluate their potential health risks. Total antioxidant activity, total phenolic, total flavonoids, vitamin C and mineral contents of edible macrofungus species were analyzed. Of these species, Agaricus augustus Fr., Agaricus campestris L., Leccinum scabrum (Bull.) Gray, Leccinum versipelle (Fr.) Snell, Collybia nuda (Bull.) Z.M. He & Zhu L. Yang Lyophyllum decastes (Fr.) Singer, Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer, Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél., Russula delica Fr. and Sarcodon squamosus (Schaeff.) Quél., 10 species biochemical contents signatures. The systematics of the macrofungus samples whose identification and analysis were made were determined, basidiocarp and spore photographs could be taken, and also their spread, Edibility properties, other properties, descriptions of newly registered ones are also given and kept in Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Mycology Research Laboratory (VANF). The consumption of naturally occurring and edible mushroom species should not be considered solely as a source of protein or carbohydrates, but rather as natural functional foods rich in bioactive compounds and trace elements. The biochemical and mineral compositions of mushroom species exhibit significant variation among different taxa. In particular, Pleurotus eryngii is among the richest species in terms of total phenolic compounds, vitamin C, iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) content. Sarcadon squamosus stands out with its high total antioxidant activity and flavonoid content. Agaricus campestris has a remarkable richness especially in terms of flavonoid and phenolic compounds. Russula delica stands out in terms of potassium (K), chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) content. Leccinum versipelle has high values in terms of zinc (Zn) and vitamin C and attracts attention with its nutritional properties. On the other hand, although some species have low values in terms of certain compounds, it should not be ignored that they may have potential pharmacological effects. Keywords: Biochemical Content, Kars- Sarıkamış, Macrofungi, Mineral Content,
As a result of field and laboratory studies, a total of 131 macrofungus samples were identified. In this study, 50 edible, 19 poisonous and 62 inedible macrofungi species growing in Soğuksu Nature Park and its surroundings were identified. The aim of the study was to determine the nutritional values of these species by examining their biochemical contents and to evaluate their potential health risks. Total antioxidant activity, total phenolic, total flavonoids, vitamin C and mineral contents of edible macrofungus species were analyzed. Of these species, Agaricus augustus Fr., Agaricus campestris L., Leccinum scabrum (Bull.) Gray, Leccinum versipelle (Fr.) Snell, Collybia nuda (Bull.) Z.M. He & Zhu L. Yang Lyophyllum decastes (Fr.) Singer, Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer, Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél., Russula delica Fr. and Sarcodon squamosus (Schaeff.) Quél., 10 species biochemical contents signatures. The systematics of the macrofungus samples whose identification and analysis were made were determined, basidiocarp and spore photographs could be taken, and also their spread, Edibility properties, other properties, descriptions of newly registered ones are also given and kept in Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Mycology Research Laboratory (VANF). The consumption of naturally occurring and edible mushroom species should not be considered solely as a source of protein or carbohydrates, but rather as natural functional foods rich in bioactive compounds and trace elements. The biochemical and mineral compositions of mushroom species exhibit significant variation among different taxa. In particular, Pleurotus eryngii is among the richest species in terms of total phenolic compounds, vitamin C, iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) content. Sarcadon squamosus stands out with its high total antioxidant activity and flavonoid content. Agaricus campestris has a remarkable richness especially in terms of flavonoid and phenolic compounds. Russula delica stands out in terms of potassium (K), chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) content. Leccinum versipelle has high values in terms of zinc (Zn) and vitamin C and attracts attention with its nutritional properties. On the other hand, although some species have low values in terms of certain compounds, it should not be ignored that they may have potential pharmacological effects. Keywords: Biochemical Content, Kars- Sarıkamış, Macrofungi, Mineral Content,
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Eczacılık ve Farmakoloji, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
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