Bingöl İlinde Gıda Olarak Tüketilen Bazı Yabanibitkilerin Biyolojik Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma, Bingöl ilinde doğal olarak yetişen ve yöre halkı tarafından gıda olarak değerlendirilen Orignanum acutidens, Mentha longifolia, Anchusa azurea, Arum rupicola ve Rumex scutatus türlerine ait yenilebilir yabani bitki (YYB)'lerinin biyolojik aktivitelerinin kapsamlı biçimde belirlemesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bitkilerin uçucu bileşen profilleri, antioksidan, antimikrobiyal, antidiyabetik ve antikanser aktiviteleri kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Bitkilerin uçucu yağ bileşenleri Gaz Kromatografisi Kütle Spektrometresi (GC–MS) yöntemiyle tanımlanmış, antioksidan aktiviteleri ise DPPH ve ABTS radikal süpürme testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca toplam fenolik, flavonoid ve tanen içerikleri spektrofotometrik yöntemlerle analiz edilmiştir. Antidiyabetik etkiler, α-amilaz ve α-glukozidaz enzim inhibitörliği testleriyle; antikanser etkiler ise Caco-2 insan kolon kanseri hücre hattı üzerinde WST-1hücre canlılık testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Uçucu yağ analizleri sonucunda bitkilerin kimyasal profillerinde hidrokarbonlar, aldehitler, alkoller ve ketonlar gibi farklı bileşiklerin baskın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle O. acutidens ve M. longifolia türlerinde karvakrol, sabinene, limonene ve -terpinene bileşiklerinin yüksek oranlarda bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Bulgulara göre, O. acutidens DPPH testinde (IC50 40.90 g/mL) ve ABTS testinde (IC50 21.87 g/mL) türleri güçlü antioksidan aktivite göstermiştir. R. scutatus'un α-amilaz enzimi üzerinde belirgin inhibitör etki (148.33 mg ACAE/g) gösterdiği, O. acutidens'in ise α-glukozidaz (147.66 mg ACAE/g) inhibisyonunda öne çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Tüm bitki ekstraktları, Caco-2 hücrelerinde anlamlı düzeyde antikanser etki sergilemiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, incelenen bitkilerin doğal antioksidan, antidiyabetik, antimikrobiyal ve antikanser ajanlar açısından potansiyel kaynaklar olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu bulgular, Bingöl florasında yer alan yenilebilir yabani bitkilerin hem fonksiyonel gıda üretiminde hem de farmasötik araştırmalarda değerlendirilmesine için bilimsel bir temel oluşturmaktadır.
This study was conducted to comprehensively determine the biological activities of the edible wild plants (EWP) Origanum acutidens, Mentha longifolia, Anchusa azurea, Arum rupicola and Rumex scutatus, which naturally grow in Bingöl province and are traditionally consumed as food by the local population. The volatile component profiles, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities of these plants were extensively investigated. The volatile oil components of the plants were identified using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), while their antioxidant activities were evaluated through DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Additionally, total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents were analyzed using spectrophotometric methods. Antidiabetic effects were assessed via alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays, and anticancer effects were evaluated using the WST-1 cell viability assay on Caco-2 human colon cancer cell lines. The GC–MS analysis revealed that hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones were predominant in the chemical profiles of the plants. Notably, high levels of carvacrol, sabinene, limonene, and γ terpinene were detected in O. acutidens and M. longifolia. Based on the antioxidant activity results, O. acutidens exhibited strong activity in the DPPH assay (IC₅₀ 40.90 μg/mL), while O. acutidens demonstrated strong ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ 21.87 μg/mL). R. scutatus showed a pronounced inhibitory effect on alpha-amylase (148.33 mg ACAE/g), whereas O. acutidens was prominent in alpha-glucosidase inhibition (147.66 mg ACAE/g). All plant extracts exhibited significant anticancer activity against Caco-2 cells. The findings indicate that the studied plants are promising natural sources of antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents. These results provide a scientific basis for the utilization of edible wild plants from the flora of Bingöl in both functional food development and pharmaceutical research.
This study was conducted to comprehensively determine the biological activities of the edible wild plants (EWP) Origanum acutidens, Mentha longifolia, Anchusa azurea, Arum rupicola and Rumex scutatus, which naturally grow in Bingöl province and are traditionally consumed as food by the local population. The volatile component profiles, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities of these plants were extensively investigated. The volatile oil components of the plants were identified using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), while their antioxidant activities were evaluated through DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Additionally, total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents were analyzed using spectrophotometric methods. Antidiabetic effects were assessed via alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays, and anticancer effects were evaluated using the WST-1 cell viability assay on Caco-2 human colon cancer cell lines. The GC–MS analysis revealed that hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones were predominant in the chemical profiles of the plants. Notably, high levels of carvacrol, sabinene, limonene, and γ terpinene were detected in O. acutidens and M. longifolia. Based on the antioxidant activity results, O. acutidens exhibited strong activity in the DPPH assay (IC₅₀ 40.90 μg/mL), while O. acutidens demonstrated strong ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ 21.87 μg/mL). R. scutatus showed a pronounced inhibitory effect on alpha-amylase (148.33 mg ACAE/g), whereas O. acutidens was prominent in alpha-glucosidase inhibition (147.66 mg ACAE/g). All plant extracts exhibited significant anticancer activity against Caco-2 cells. The findings indicate that the studied plants are promising natural sources of antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents. These results provide a scientific basis for the utilization of edible wild plants from the flora of Bingöl in both functional food development and pharmaceutical research.
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Keywords
Gıda Mühendisliği, Food Engineering
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
WoS Q
Scopus Q
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