Dâriye in divan poetry
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2022
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Osmanlı devleti sanatsal ve kültürel faaliyetlere her zaman önem vermiş ve sanat ve kültür icra eden sanatçıları korumak, sanatın gelişmesini sağlamak için çaba sarf etmiştir. Zaman zaman sanatçılar siyasi ve idari hadiselere paralel ürünler vermiştir. Mimari alandaki faaliyetlerin şiirsel dille ifadesi olan dâriyeler bu paralelliğin yansımasıdır. Sanat ve edebiyatla ilgilenen devlet büyükleri hamilik vasıflarını sadece edebiyatta sergilememiş, aynı durumu mimari alana da yansıtmışlardır. Yapılan faaliyetleri sanatsal nitelikle güçlendirmiş ve bunu yaşam tarzı haline getirmişlerdir. Özellikle mimari alandaki eserlerin kalıcı olmasının yanında süslü, görkemli ve ihtişamlı olmasına her zaman özen gösterilmiştir. Bu sanatsal eserler devletin gücünün ve hizmet anlayışının propagandası olduğu gibi sanatçıların sanat üretim vesilesi haline de gelmiştir. Şairler de ilgi çekici olan bu eserleri şiirlerine yansıtmaktan geri durmamış ve bunun neticesinde dâriye türü gelişmiştir. Divan edebiyatı sahasında dâriyeler önemli yer tutar. Dâriye ev ve evle ilgili anlamına gelse de edebi tür olarak kapsamı genişlemiş ve ev dışındaki mimari eserleri de içermiştir. Şairler, yaşadıkları dönemde inşa edilen köşk, kasır, cami, çeşme gibi imar faaliyetlerine de kayıtsız kalmamış, bu eserlerin yapımını ve yaptıranlarını kutlamak üzere şiirler kaleme almışlardır. Bu türün en çekici özelliği ise şiirlerde yapılan tasvirlerdir. Kimi şairlerin abartılı, kimilerinin ise daha realist betimlemeleri devrin imar faaliyetlerine ve mimari anlayışına ayna tutmuş, tarihe yardımcı birer belge özelliğine sahip olmuştur. Dâriye türü farklı nazım biçimleri ile yazılmıştır. Kaside ve kıta başta olmak üzere türün farklı nazım şekilleriyle yazıldığı da görülmektedir. Genellikle tarih düşürme türü içinde yazılan dâriyeler, yazıldıkları dönemden sonra tarihi vesika niteliği de taşır. Aynı zamanda mimari yapıların hangi tür ve tarzda inşa edildikleri hakkında bilgi verir. Bu çalışmanın amacı dâriye türünün içeriği ve kapsamı hakkında bilgi vermek, diğer edebi türlerle ilişkisini ortaya koymak, türün tarihi gelişim sürecini taranan divanlarda tespit edilen şiirlerden hareketle ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma yapılırken divanlar tarama yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Metin tespiti ve incelemesi yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Bu çerçevede hangi tür yapılarla ilgili şiirler yazıldığı tespit edildiği ve bunlarla ilgili hangi ayrıntıların olduğu ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. XV. asırdan XIX. asrın ikinci yarısına kadar yaşamış altmış şairin divanı taranmış, dâriye türüne dair şiirler tespit edilmiş ve örnek şiirler günümüz Türkçesine çevrilerek aktarılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler; dârîye, mimari, divan şiiri, bina, kasr.
The Ottoman state always gave importance to artistic and cultural activities and made efforts to protect the artists who performed art and culture and to ensure the development of art. From time to time, artists produced products parallel to political and administrative events. Dâriyes, which are the expression of the activities in the field of architecture in poetic language, are the reflection of this parallelism. The statesmen, who were interested in art and literature, did not only display their patronage qualities in literature, but also reflected the same situation in the architectural field. They strengthened the activities with artistic quality and made it a lifestyle. In particular, attention has always been paid to the fact that the works in the architectural field are not only permanent, but also ornate, magnificent and magnificent. These artistic works have become the means of artistic production of artists, as well as the propaganda of the power of the state and the understanding of service. Poets also did not hesitate to reflect these interesting works in their poems, and as a result, the dâriye type developed. Dâriyes have an important place in the field of divan literature. Although dâriye means house and house, its scope has expanded as a literary genre and includes architectural works outside the house. The poets did not remain indifferent to the zoning activities such as mansions, pavilions, mosques and fountains built during their lifetime, and they wrote poems to celebrate the construction of these works and those who had them built. The most attractive feature of this genre is the depictions made in the poems. The exaggerated descriptions of some poets and the more realistic descriptions of others mirrored the construction activities and architectural understanding of the period, and had the feature of helping history. Dâriye type is written in different verse forms. It is also seen that the genre is written in different verse forms, especially the eulogy and the stanza. Dâriyes, which are generally written in the type of abortion, also have the characteristics of historical documents after the period they were written. At the same time, it gives information about the type and style of architectural structures. The aim of this study is to give information about the content and scope of the dâriye genre, to reveal its relationship with other literary genres, to reveal the historical development process of the genre, based on the poems found in the scanned divans. During the study, the sofas were examined by scanning method. Text detection and analysis method was applied. In this context, it has been tried to reveal which types of structures poems were written about and what details there are about them. The divans of sixty poets who lived from the fifteenth century to the second half of the nineteenth century were scanned, poems on the type of dâriye were identified and sample poems were translated into contemporary Turkish. Keywords; dârîye, architecture, divan poetry, building, pavilion
The Ottoman state always gave importance to artistic and cultural activities and made efforts to protect the artists who performed art and culture and to ensure the development of art. From time to time, artists produced products parallel to political and administrative events. Dâriyes, which are the expression of the activities in the field of architecture in poetic language, are the reflection of this parallelism. The statesmen, who were interested in art and literature, did not only display their patronage qualities in literature, but also reflected the same situation in the architectural field. They strengthened the activities with artistic quality and made it a lifestyle. In particular, attention has always been paid to the fact that the works in the architectural field are not only permanent, but also ornate, magnificent and magnificent. These artistic works have become the means of artistic production of artists, as well as the propaganda of the power of the state and the understanding of service. Poets also did not hesitate to reflect these interesting works in their poems, and as a result, the dâriye type developed. Dâriyes have an important place in the field of divan literature. Although dâriye means house and house, its scope has expanded as a literary genre and includes architectural works outside the house. The poets did not remain indifferent to the zoning activities such as mansions, pavilions, mosques and fountains built during their lifetime, and they wrote poems to celebrate the construction of these works and those who had them built. The most attractive feature of this genre is the depictions made in the poems. The exaggerated descriptions of some poets and the more realistic descriptions of others mirrored the construction activities and architectural understanding of the period, and had the feature of helping history. Dâriye type is written in different verse forms. It is also seen that the genre is written in different verse forms, especially the eulogy and the stanza. Dâriyes, which are generally written in the type of abortion, also have the characteristics of historical documents after the period they were written. At the same time, it gives information about the type and style of architectural structures. The aim of this study is to give information about the content and scope of the dâriye genre, to reveal its relationship with other literary genres, to reveal the historical development process of the genre, based on the poems found in the scanned divans. During the study, the sofas were examined by scanning method. Text detection and analysis method was applied. In this context, it has been tried to reveal which types of structures poems were written about and what details there are about them. The divans of sixty poets who lived from the fifteenth century to the second half of the nineteenth century were scanned, poems on the type of dâriye were identified and sample poems were translated into contemporary Turkish. Keywords; dârîye, architecture, divan poetry, building, pavilion
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Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, Binalar, Divan edebiyatı, Divan şiiri, Eski Türk edebiyatı, Kaside, Türk edebiyatı, Şiir, Turkish Language and Literature, Buildings, Divan literature, Court poem, Old Turkish literature, Eagle, Turkish literature, Poem
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238