Usage of Exopolysaccharides in Cake Production
Abstract
Gıda teknolojisindeki yoğun gelişmeler ve diyet ürün tüketimine olan talep, gıda üreticilerini sürekli artan bu talebi karşılamaya yöneltmiştir. Diyet gıdalar arasında kalorisi azaltılmış kek gibi unlu mamuller önemli bir yer tuttuğundan, bu çalışmada ekzopolisakkaritlerin kek üretiminde yağ miktarını azaltıcı bileşen olarak kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle Yanıt Yüzeyi Yöntemi (YYY) deneme deseni ile standart kek formülü optimize edilmiş, daha sonra farklı yağ seviyeleri (% 25-100) ve farklı Ekzopolisakkarit (EPS) çözelti seviyeleri (% 9.25-37) kullanılarak yağ oranı azaltılmış kekler üretilmiştir. EPS çözeltisi içeren keklerin hamur yoğunluğu 0.82?1.23 g/ml arasında değişmiş, yağın kuadratik etkisi P<0.001 düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur. Pişme kaybı ise % 8.5?12.31 arasında değişmiştir. Kek hacmi 202?242 cm3 arasında değişmiş, yağ seviyeleri P<0.01 düzeyinde, yağın kuadratik etkisi P<0.001 düzeyinde, yağ-EPS interaksiyonu P<0.05 düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur. Keklerin iç özellikleri için aldığı puan 71?92 arasında değişmiş, yağ seviyeleri P<0.01, yağın kuadratik etkisi ise P<0.05 olasılık düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur. Dış özellikleri için aldığı puan ise 21?26 arasında değişmiştir. Üretilen keklerin sertlik, yapışkanlık ve esneklik değeri, yağ ve saklama süresinin lineer ve kuadratik etkilerinden P<0.001, yağ ve gün interaksiyonundan P<0.001, yağ ve EPS interaksiyonundan ise P<0.05 seviyesinde etkilenmiştir.Değerlendirilen kek özelliklerinin tümü göz önüne alındığında formüldeki yağ ve EPS oranının artmasıyla kabul edilebilirlik değeri artmıştır. Yağ oranının % 30 azaltılıp, % 30 seviyesine kadar EPS çözeltisi kullanılmasıyla standart tam yağlı kek özelliklerine yakın kek üretilmiştir. Bu keklerin kabul edilebilirlik değeri ise 0.9?1.0 arasında değişmiştir.
The intensive development in food technology and increasing diet food consumption directed food manufacturers to meet the continually rising demand. The low-calorie baked goods such as cakes have an important place in diet food; therefore, as a fat reducing ingredient, the possibility of exopolysaccharide use was investigated. Standard cake formula first was optimized by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), later reduced fat cakes were produced with shortening levels of 25-100% and with exopolysaccharide solution (EPS) of 9.25-37%. The densities of experimental cake batter ranged between 0.82 to 1.23 g/ml and quadratic effect of shortening found significant (P<0.001). Bake losses were between 8.5?12.31%. Cake volume was changed between 202 and 242 cm3 and the linear (P<0.1) and quadratic effect (P<0.001) of shortening and interaction of shortening and EPS (P<0.05) were significant. The scores of cake crumb and crust attributes were 71?92 and 21-26, respectively. Crumb attributes were significantly affected by shortening levels. Hardness, cohesiveness, resilience values of the produced cakes was influenced by linear and quadratic effects of shortening and storage period (P <0.001), shortening and time interaction (P<0.001) and shortening and EPS interaction (P<0.05). Taken into consideration all evaluated cake attributes, desirability value increased with higher fat and EPS level. Reducing shortening up to 30% and increasing EPS solution level up to 30% yielded similar cake attributes to the full fat standard cake. Desirability values of those cakes were between 0.9-1.0.
The intensive development in food technology and increasing diet food consumption directed food manufacturers to meet the continually rising demand. The low-calorie baked goods such as cakes have an important place in diet food; therefore, as a fat reducing ingredient, the possibility of exopolysaccharide use was investigated. Standard cake formula first was optimized by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), later reduced fat cakes were produced with shortening levels of 25-100% and with exopolysaccharide solution (EPS) of 9.25-37%. The densities of experimental cake batter ranged between 0.82 to 1.23 g/ml and quadratic effect of shortening found significant (P<0.001). Bake losses were between 8.5?12.31%. Cake volume was changed between 202 and 242 cm3 and the linear (P<0.1) and quadratic effect (P<0.001) of shortening and interaction of shortening and EPS (P<0.05) were significant. The scores of cake crumb and crust attributes were 71?92 and 21-26, respectively. Crumb attributes were significantly affected by shortening levels. Hardness, cohesiveness, resilience values of the produced cakes was influenced by linear and quadratic effects of shortening and storage period (P <0.001), shortening and time interaction (P<0.001) and shortening and EPS interaction (P<0.05). Taken into consideration all evaluated cake attributes, desirability value increased with higher fat and EPS level. Reducing shortening up to 30% and increasing EPS solution level up to 30% yielded similar cake attributes to the full fat standard cake. Desirability values of those cakes were between 0.9-1.0.
Description
Keywords
Gıda Mühendisliği, Diyet Yağları, Düşük Kalori, Düşük Yağ, Kek Kalitesi, Food Engineering, Dietary Fats, Low Calorie, Low Fat, Cake Quality
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
WoS Q
Scopus Q
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