Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and DNA Damage

Abstract

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a multifaceted neuropsychiatric condition influenced by genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors. Genetic studies emphasize the heritability of OCD, especially in early-onset cases, yet specific genes remain elusive. Neurobiological research implicates alterations in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuits and dysregulation of neurotransmitter systems, shedding light on OCD symptomatology. Environmental factors like infectious diseases, hormonal fluctuations, and traumatic experiences contribute to symptom development. Additionally, dysregulation of DNA repair mechanisms, particularly in response to oxidative stress, has been linked to OCD pathogenesis. Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes such as XPD, XRCC1, and XRCC3 suggest susceptibility to OCD. Elevated levels of oxidative DNA damage, like 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), are observed in OCD, influencing neurobiological alterations. Understanding the interplay between DNA damage and OCD symptoms offers insights into potential therapeutic targets, including antioxidant strategies and neurotransmitter-targeting medications, necessitating further research for personalized treatment approaches. © 2025 Springer Nature Switzerland AG.