Molecular Characterization of Mt-co1 and Nad5 Gene Regions of Cystic Echinococci Obtained From Human, Sheep and Cattle in Iğdır Province
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2025
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Bu çalışmanın amacı, Iğdır yöresinde insan, koyun ve sığırlardan elde edilen hidatik kist örneklerinin mt-CO1 ve NAD5 gen bölgelerinin moleküler karakterizasyonunu inceleyerek E. granulosus'un suşlarını ve olası mutasyonları belirlemektir. Çalışma, Iğdır Merkezde bulunan kesimhaneler ile Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dursun Odabaş Tıp Merkezi ve Van YYÜ Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı Araştırma Laboratuvarı'nda 16.02.2024-31.12.2024 tarihleri arasında yürütüldü. Mezbahalarda kesimi yapılan 2541 koyunun ve 748 sığırın karaciğer ve akciğerleri başta olmak üzere bütün iç organları hidatik kist varlığı yönünden incelendi. Kistli organlardan kist ve kist sıvısı örnekleri alınarak laboratuvara ulaştırıldı. Iğdır merkez ve ilçelerinde ikâmet edip Dursun Odabaş Tıp Merkezi'nde cystic echinococcosis tanısıyla opere edilen 32 hastadan alınan kist sıvısı ve germinal membran örnekleri laboratuvara ulaştırıldı. Bütün kist sıvısı örnekleri ışık mikroskobu altında 400 büyütmede protoskoleks ve çengel varlığı yönünden incelendi. İnsanlardan alınan kist örneklerinin sıvı ve germinal membranlarından, koyun ve sığırlardan alınan örneklerin ise sadece germinal membranlarından DNA izolasyonu yapıldı. Daha sonra elde edilen izolatların PCR yöntemi ile mt-CO1 ve NAD5 gen bölgeleri çoğaltılarak jel elektroforezde görüntülenmesi yapıldı. İnsan, sığır ve koyunların her birisine ait 10'ar kist örneğinden elde edilen PCR amplikonuna sekans analizi yaptırıldı. Mezbahalarda kesimi yapılan 2541 koyunun 627'sinde (%24,7) ve 748 sığırın 96'sında (%12,8) hidatik kist saptandı. Hidatik kistlerin koyunlarda en sık olarak akciğerlere, sığır ve insanlarda ise karaciğere yerleştiği gözlendi. İnsan kistlerinin %78,1'inin, koyun kistlerinin %87,2'sinin ve sığır kistlerinin %38,5'inin fertil olduğu görüldü. Dizileme analizi sonuçlarına göre 10 koyun kökenli izolatın sekizinin G1, ikisinin G3, insan ve sığırlara ait toplam 20 izolatın ise tamamının G1 suşu olduğu saptandı. Çalışmada belirlenen G1 ve G3 suşlarına ait örnekler Genbank'ta yer alan referans G1 ve G3 suşları ile karşılaştırıldığında örneklerin tamamının eşleştiği ve mutasyonların olmadığı belirlendi. Bu çalışmada insan, koyun ve sığırlarda E. granulosus'un baskın suşunun G1 olduğu saptandı. Hidatidoz, ülkemizde gerek hayvanlar ve gerekse insanlarda hala yüksek oranlarda görülmekte ve halk sağlığı problemi olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu hastalıkla etkili mücadelede hayvan kesimlerinin veteriner hekim kontrolünde yapılması, kistli organların köpek ve köpekgillere çiğ olarak yedirilmemesi ve imha edilmesi önemlidir. Anahtar sözcükler: Iğdır, insan, sığır, koyun, kistik ekinokok, mt-CO1, NAD5
The aim of this study is to determine the strains of E. granulosus and possible mutations by examining the molecular characterization of mt-CO1 and NAD5 gene regions of hydatid cyst samples obtained from humans, sheep and cattle in Iğdır province. The study was carried out between January 16, 2024 and December 31, 2024 in the slaughterhouses in the center of Iğdır, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Dursun Odabaş Medical Center and the Research Laboratory of the Medical Parasitology Department of the Medical Faculty. All internal organs, especially the liver and lungs, of 2541 sheep and 748 cattle slaughtered in the slaughterhouses were examined for the presence of hydatid cysts. Cyst and cyst fluid samples were taken from the organs with cysts and transported to the laboratory. Cyst fluid and germinal membrane samples taken from 32 patients residing in the center and districts of Iğdır and operated at Dursun Odabaş Medical Center with the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis were transported to the laboratory. All the cyst fluid samples were examined under light microscope at 400 magnification for the presence of protoscolex and its hooks. DNA was isolated from the fluid and germinal membranes of cyst samples from humans and only from the germinal membranes of samples from sheep and cattle. Then, mt-CO1 and NAD5 gene regions of the isolates obtained were amplified by PCR method and visualized in gel electrophoresis. Sequence analysis was performed on the PCR amplicon obtained from 10 cyst samples from each of human, cattle and sheep. Hydatid cysts were found in 627 (24.7%) of 2541 sheep and 96 (12.8%) of 748 cattle slaughtered in the slaughterhouses. Hydatid cysts were most commonly located in the lungs in sheep and in the liver in cattle and humans. It was observed that 78.1% of human cysts, 87.2% of sheep cysts and 38.5% of bovine cysts were fertile. According to the results of sequencing analysis, eight of the 10 sheep isolates were G1, two were G3, and all of the 20 isolates from humans and cattle were G1 strains. When the samples of G1 and G3 strains identified in the study were compared with the reference G1 and G3 strains in Genbank, it was determined that all of the samples matched and there were no mutations. In this study, G1 was found to be the predominant strain of E. granulosus in humans, sheep and cattle. Hydatidosis is still seen at high rates in both animals and humans in our country and continues to be a public health problem. In the effective fight against this disease, it is important that animal slaughter is carried out under the control of veterinarians, organs with cysts are not fed raw to dogs and other canines, and cysts are destroyed by appropriate methods. Keywords: Iğdır, human, cattle, sheep, cystic echinococ, mt-CO1, NAD5
The aim of this study is to determine the strains of E. granulosus and possible mutations by examining the molecular characterization of mt-CO1 and NAD5 gene regions of hydatid cyst samples obtained from humans, sheep and cattle in Iğdır province. The study was carried out between January 16, 2024 and December 31, 2024 in the slaughterhouses in the center of Iğdır, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Dursun Odabaş Medical Center and the Research Laboratory of the Medical Parasitology Department of the Medical Faculty. All internal organs, especially the liver and lungs, of 2541 sheep and 748 cattle slaughtered in the slaughterhouses were examined for the presence of hydatid cysts. Cyst and cyst fluid samples were taken from the organs with cysts and transported to the laboratory. Cyst fluid and germinal membrane samples taken from 32 patients residing in the center and districts of Iğdır and operated at Dursun Odabaş Medical Center with the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis were transported to the laboratory. All the cyst fluid samples were examined under light microscope at 400 magnification for the presence of protoscolex and its hooks. DNA was isolated from the fluid and germinal membranes of cyst samples from humans and only from the germinal membranes of samples from sheep and cattle. Then, mt-CO1 and NAD5 gene regions of the isolates obtained were amplified by PCR method and visualized in gel electrophoresis. Sequence analysis was performed on the PCR amplicon obtained from 10 cyst samples from each of human, cattle and sheep. Hydatid cysts were found in 627 (24.7%) of 2541 sheep and 96 (12.8%) of 748 cattle slaughtered in the slaughterhouses. Hydatid cysts were most commonly located in the lungs in sheep and in the liver in cattle and humans. It was observed that 78.1% of human cysts, 87.2% of sheep cysts and 38.5% of bovine cysts were fertile. According to the results of sequencing analysis, eight of the 10 sheep isolates were G1, two were G3, and all of the 20 isolates from humans and cattle were G1 strains. When the samples of G1 and G3 strains identified in the study were compared with the reference G1 and G3 strains in Genbank, it was determined that all of the samples matched and there were no mutations. In this study, G1 was found to be the predominant strain of E. granulosus in humans, sheep and cattle. Hydatidosis is still seen at high rates in both animals and humans in our country and continues to be a public health problem. In the effective fight against this disease, it is important that animal slaughter is carried out under the control of veterinarians, organs with cysts are not fed raw to dogs and other canines, and cysts are destroyed by appropriate methods. Keywords: Iğdır, human, cattle, sheep, cystic echinococ, mt-CO1, NAD5
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Parazitoloji, Parasitology
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112