3,5 GHz RF Radyasyon Maruziyetinin Üreme Sistemiüzerindeki Etkileri: Koenzim Q10' Un Koruyucu Potansiyeli
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2025
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Bu tez çalışmasında, 5G kablosuz iletişim sistemlerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan 3.5 GHz frekansındaki radyo frekansı (RF) radyasyonunun erkek sıçanlarda üreme sistemi üzerindeki biyolojik etkileri değerlendirilmiş ve Koenzim Q10 (CoQ10) takviyesinin bu etkiler üzerindeki olası koruyucu rolü araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, sıçanlar dört gruba ayrılmış (kontrol, RF, koenzim Q10, RF+ koenzim Q10) ve RF maruziyeti 30 gün süreyle günde 2 saat olacak şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Maruz kalınan tüm vücut SAR değeri 0.006879 W/kg, testis dokusuna özgü SAR değeri ise 0.000598 W/kg olarak hesaplanmıştır. Hormon analizleri (LH, FSH, testosteron), testiküler dokuya ait oksidatif stres belirteçleri (MDA, TOS, TAS, GSH) ve histopatolojik bulgular detaylı biçimde değerlendirilmiştir. RF grubunda testosteron, LH ve FSH düzeylerinde anlamlı düşüş; MDA ve TOS düzeylerinde ise belirgin artış gözlenmiştir. Histopatolojik olarak seminifer tübül yapısında bozulma ve Johnsen skorunda düşüş saptanmıştır. Koenzim Q10 uygulaması, özellikle testosteron düzeyinin korunması, antioksidan parametrelerin iyileştirilmesi ve histolojik bütünlüğün desteklenmesi açısından anlamlı katkılar sunmuştur. Bu bulgular, düşük SAR değerlerinde dahi RF maruziyetinin erkek üreme sistemi üzerinde biyolojik etkiler oluşturabileceğini ve koenzim Q10' un bu etkileri hafifletme potansiyeli taşıdığını göstermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, elektromanyetik alan maruziyetine karşı bireysel koruma stratejilerinin önemine ve antioksidan temelli yaklaşımların gelecekteki terapötik uygulamalarda değerlendirilmesi gerekliliğine işaret etmektedir.
In this thesis, the biological effects of 3.5 GHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation commonly used in 5G wireless communication systems on the male reproductive system of rats were evaluated, and the potential protective role of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation against these effects was investigated. Rats were divided into four groups (Control, RF, CoQ10, RF+CoQ10), and RF exposure was applied for 2 hours daily over 30 days. The calculated whole-body SAR value was 0.006879 W/kg, and the testis-specific SAR value was 0.000598 W/kg. Hormonal analyses (LH, FSH, testosterone), oxidative stress markers (MDA, TOS, TAS, GSH) in testicular tissue, and histopathological findings were comprehensively evaluated. The RF group exhibited significant reductions in serum testosterone, LH, and FSH levels, along with marked increases in MDA and TOS levels. Histopathologically, degeneration of the seminiferous tubules and a decline in the Johnsen score were observed. CoQ10 supplementation contributed meaningfully to the preservation of testosterone levels, improvement in antioxidant parameters, and maintenance of testicular structural integrity. These findings demonstrate that RF exposure, even at low SAR levels, may exert biologically significant effects on the male reproductive system, and that CoQ10 possesses potential protective properties against such damage. The results underscore the importance of individual protection strategies against electromagnetic field exposure and suggest that antioxidant-based approaches should be considered for future therapeutic applications.
In this thesis, the biological effects of 3.5 GHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation commonly used in 5G wireless communication systems on the male reproductive system of rats were evaluated, and the potential protective role of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation against these effects was investigated. Rats were divided into four groups (Control, RF, CoQ10, RF+CoQ10), and RF exposure was applied for 2 hours daily over 30 days. The calculated whole-body SAR value was 0.006879 W/kg, and the testis-specific SAR value was 0.000598 W/kg. Hormonal analyses (LH, FSH, testosterone), oxidative stress markers (MDA, TOS, TAS, GSH) in testicular tissue, and histopathological findings were comprehensively evaluated. The RF group exhibited significant reductions in serum testosterone, LH, and FSH levels, along with marked increases in MDA and TOS levels. Histopathologically, degeneration of the seminiferous tubules and a decline in the Johnsen score were observed. CoQ10 supplementation contributed meaningfully to the preservation of testosterone levels, improvement in antioxidant parameters, and maintenance of testicular structural integrity. These findings demonstrate that RF exposure, even at low SAR levels, may exert biologically significant effects on the male reproductive system, and that CoQ10 possesses potential protective properties against such damage. The results underscore the importance of individual protection strategies against electromagnetic field exposure and suggest that antioxidant-based approaches should be considered for future therapeutic applications.
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Biyofizik, Biophysics
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86