Advances in Understanding Plant–Microbe Symbiosis in Stressful Environments

Abstract

In recent years, the interplay between plants and microbes has gained significant attention in understanding resilience mechanisms under stressful environmental conditions. Plant-microbe symbioses, including mycorrhizal associations and beneficial bacteria interactions, play crucial roles in enhancing plant tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and nutrient deficiency. Advances in molecular and genomic technologies have facilitated the exploration of these complex interactions, revealing the underlying genetic and biochemical pathways that mediate plant responses to stress. Studies have demonstrated that beneficial microbes can modulate plant hormone levels, activate stress-responsive genes, and enhance nutrient uptake, thereby improving growth and productivity in adverse conditions. Furthermore, the concept of the phytomicrobiome emphasizes the collective influence of microbial communities associated with plants, highlighting their dynamic and interactive nature. This review synthesizes recent findings on the mechanisms of plant-microbe interactions and their implications for agricultural sustainability in the face of climate change. By leveraging these insights, researchers aim to develop innovative strategies for enhancing crop resilience and productivity, ultimately contributing to food security. The integration of microbiome management in agricultural practices holds promise for improving crop performance under varying environmental stressors, paving the way for a new paradigm in sustainable agriculture. © 2025, Association of Agricultural Technology in Southeast Asia. All rights reserved.