Analysis of Open-Ended Questions Used by Science Teachers in Common Written Exams According To Bloom's Taxonomy and Teachers' Opinions
Abstract
2023-2024 eğitim öğretim yılında Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, eğitimde ölçme ve değerlendirme standartlarını sağlamak amacıyla okullarda yazılı sınavların ortak bir şekilde yapılmasına karar vermiştir. Bu doğrultuda, ülke genelindeki tüm okullarda uygulanacak sınavlarda sadece açık uçlu soruların yer alması planlanmıştır. Açık uçlu soruların tercih edilme nedenlerinden biri, öğrencilerin üst düzey düşünme becerilerini geliştirmeye yönelik olmasıdır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, Van ilinin merkezi üç ilçesinden seçilen her kademeden ikişer okuldan alınacak ortak sınav sorularının Bloom Taksonomisi'ne göre incelenmesini hedeflemektedir. Bu inceleme, kullanılan soruların hangi bilişsel düzeylere hitap ettiğini ve üst düzey düşünme becerilerini ne derece ölçtüğünü değerlendirmiştir. Bu bağlamda araştırma kapsamında öğretmenlerle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Öğretmenlere yönelik açık uçlu soruların etkili kullanımı, soru tasarımı süreçleri ve değerlendirme yöntemleri hakkında görüşme formları uygulanmıştır. Bu görüşmeler, öğretmenlerin açık uçlu soruların öğrenci başarısına etkileri konusundaki algılarını ve deneyimlerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre öğretmenlerin genel görüşleri, ortak sınavların öğretmenler arasında daha iyi bir koordinasyon sağladığını ve zaman/emek açısından verimlilik sağladığını göstermektedir. Ancak, ortak sınavların öğrencilerin bireysel farklılıklarını yeterince dikkate almadığı, hazır bulunuşluk düzeyini azalttığı ve eşitlik ilkesine tam olarak uygun olmadığı yönünde bazı endişeler de dile getirilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin çoğunluğu, açık uçlu madde yazımı konusunda yeterli eğitim almadıklarını belirtmiş ve bu durumun sınavların güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği üzerinde olumsuz etkiler yaratabileceğini vurgulamıştır.
In the 2023-2024 academic year, the Ministry of National Education has decided that written exams in schools will be conducted in a common way in order to ensure measurement and evaluation standards in education. Accordingly, it is planned that only open-ended questions will be included in the exams to be administered in all schools across the country. One of the reasons why open-ended questions are preferred is that they aim to develop students' higher-order thinking skills. Therefore, this study aims to examine the common exam questions to be taken from two schools from each level selected from three central districts of Van province according to Bloom's Taxonomy. This examination evaluated which cognitive levels the questions addressed and to what extent they measured higher order thinking skills. In this context, semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers within the scope of the research. Interview forms were applied to teachers about the effective use of open-ended questions, question design processes and evaluation methods. These interviews aimed to reveal teachers' perceptions and experiences about the effects of open-ended questions on student achievement. According to the findings of the study, the general opinions of the teachers indicate that the common exams provide better coordination among teachers and provide efficiency in terms of time/effort. However, some concerns were also expressed that common exams do not sufficiently take into account the individual differences of students, reduce the level of readiness and do not fully comply with the principle of equality. The majority of teachers stated that they did not receive adequate training in writing open-ended items and emphasized that this could have negative effects on the reliability and validity of the exams.
In the 2023-2024 academic year, the Ministry of National Education has decided that written exams in schools will be conducted in a common way in order to ensure measurement and evaluation standards in education. Accordingly, it is planned that only open-ended questions will be included in the exams to be administered in all schools across the country. One of the reasons why open-ended questions are preferred is that they aim to develop students' higher-order thinking skills. Therefore, this study aims to examine the common exam questions to be taken from two schools from each level selected from three central districts of Van province according to Bloom's Taxonomy. This examination evaluated which cognitive levels the questions addressed and to what extent they measured higher order thinking skills. In this context, semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers within the scope of the research. Interview forms were applied to teachers about the effective use of open-ended questions, question design processes and evaluation methods. These interviews aimed to reveal teachers' perceptions and experiences about the effects of open-ended questions on student achievement. According to the findings of the study, the general opinions of the teachers indicate that the common exams provide better coordination among teachers and provide efficiency in terms of time/effort. However, some concerns were also expressed that common exams do not sufficiently take into account the individual differences of students, reduce the level of readiness and do not fully comply with the principle of equality. The majority of teachers stated that they did not receive adequate training in writing open-ended items and emphasized that this could have negative effects on the reliability and validity of the exams.
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Keywords
Eğitim ve Öğretim, Education and Training
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
WoS Q
Scopus Q
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105