Determination of Aflatoxins in Red Pepper by a New Thin Layer Chromatography Tecnique
Abstract
TLC metotları aflatoksin analizleri için en ucuz tekniklerdir fakat klasik TLC plaka üzerinde kırmızıbiber kirliliklerini aflatoksin beneklerinden ayırmada başarılı değildir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; TLC'nin ayrım kabiliyetini ve pratikliğini artıran yeni bir kromatografi tankı (Patent numarası:TP2007/08721) kullanarak kırmızıbiberde aflatoksinlerin ekonomik bir şekilde teşhis ve tayin edilmesidir. İleri yöntemlerin kullanılmadığı ekstraksiyon sonrası aflatoksinlerin kirliliklerden ayrımını sağlamak için silikajel G60 hazır kaplanmış plakaları ile tek boyutlu ve çift boyutlu develope teknikleri denenmiştir. Miktar tayini, görüntü analiziyle plakanın 365 nm UV ışık altındaki fotoğrafı ile bir paket program kullanarak yapılmıştır. Birinci yönde 165 dk. dietileter ve ikinci yönde 60 dk. TBME:metanol:su (480:15:5) ile çift boyutlu develope tekniği ile aflatoksinlerin ayrımında başarı sağlanmıştır. Densitometreye alternatif olarak geliştirilen görüntü analizinde kromatogramlar elde edilmiş, AfB1 için kalibrasyon kurvelerinin R2 değerleri 0.91-0.99 olmuştur. AfB1 kırmızıbiber örneklerinde 5 ppb yasal limit düzeyinde belirlenebilmiş, daha düşük düzeylerde ise fazla kirlilik nedeniyle tespit edilememiştir. Geri kazanım oranları ekstraksiyon aşamasına ait bir sorun olarak AB direktifindeki şartları sağlayamamıştır.
TLC methods are the cheapest techniques for aflatoxin analysis however classic TLC is not successful at separating of red pepper impurities from aflatoxin spots on the plate. The aim of this study is detection and determination of aflatoxins in red pepper economically by using a new chromatography tank (Patent no. TP2007/08721) that increases the separation ability and practicality of TLC. Not to use further techniques after the extraction, one dimensional and two dimensional devolopment techniques are examined by using silicagel G60 precoated plates to achieve sufficient separation of aflatoxin spots from interferences. Quantification is performed by image analysis of plate photographs taken under 365 nm UV light using a package program. Sufficient separation is obtained by: two dimensional development; first direction by with diethyl ether for 165 min. and then second direction by TBME:methanol:water (480:15:5) for 60 min. Chromatograms are performed by image analysis developed as an alternative of densitometer and R2 of calibration curves for AfB1 are between 0.91-0.99. AfB1 is detectable at legal limit 5 ppb, but it is not detectable below 5 ppb because of interferences. As a problem belonging to the extraction phase, the recovery rates could not meet the conditions in the EU directive.
TLC methods are the cheapest techniques for aflatoxin analysis however classic TLC is not successful at separating of red pepper impurities from aflatoxin spots on the plate. The aim of this study is detection and determination of aflatoxins in red pepper economically by using a new chromatography tank (Patent no. TP2007/08721) that increases the separation ability and practicality of TLC. Not to use further techniques after the extraction, one dimensional and two dimensional devolopment techniques are examined by using silicagel G60 precoated plates to achieve sufficient separation of aflatoxin spots from interferences. Quantification is performed by image analysis of plate photographs taken under 365 nm UV light using a package program. Sufficient separation is obtained by: two dimensional development; first direction by with diethyl ether for 165 min. and then second direction by TBME:methanol:water (480:15:5) for 60 min. Chromatograms are performed by image analysis developed as an alternative of densitometer and R2 of calibration curves for AfB1 are between 0.91-0.99. AfB1 is detectable at legal limit 5 ppb, but it is not detectable below 5 ppb because of interferences. As a problem belonging to the extraction phase, the recovery rates could not meet the conditions in the EU directive.
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Gıda Mühendisliği, Food Engineering
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