Discredit Aesthetics: a Bakhtinian Approach To Novels of Leylâ Erbil
Abstract
Türkçe edebiyatın özgün yazarlarından biri olan Leylâ Erbil, ilk eserlerini 1950 Kuşağı'nın, sanatta biçim ve içeriğin birbirini etkilediği ve belirlediği şeklindeki modernist bir tutumla yazmıştır. Erbil'in, temel özellikleri 'başkaldıran', 'yıkıcı', 'aykırı' türü sözcüklerle nitelenen eserlerinde, güç ilişkileri üzerinden insanı temel haklarından yoksunlaştıran her tür dikey hiyerarşiye meydan okuyan uzlaşmaz muhalif bir eleştirellik; mizah, özellikle ironi dilinden dışa vurulur. Mikhail Mikhailoviç Bakhtin'in sosyal bilimlerin yanı sıra edebiyat eleştirisi terminolojisinde yaygın kullanıma açtığı ve temel amacı itibarsızlaştırma olan karnavalesk ve grotesk terimleri, kendisini sosyalist ve Freudyen olarak niteleyen yazarın eserlerini açımlamada elverişli iki temel anahtar olarak görülmüştür. Erbil, metinlerinde, kamusal alanda gerçekleşen karnavallarla hiyerarşilerin altüst olduğu, bedensel ve dilsel geçerli hiyerarşik değerler sisteminin rizomatik bir düzeye indirgendiği, kaba cinselliğin, bedensel atıkların, bedensel anomaliliklerin kaba jest ve mimikler eşliğinde ve ironik bir dille sergilendiği bir dil ve anlatı dünyası örer. Bu dünyada; iktidar aygıtları, otoriteler ve cinsiyetçi tutumlar karşısında uzlaşmaz bir muhaliflik sergilenir. Erbil, bu edebi bakışın görünür kılınması için yeni bir imlâyı da etkin bir araç biçiminde kullanır. Yazarın roman dokusu, Türkiye'nin uzak ve yakın tarihine göndermelerle de desteklenir. Bu çalışmada yazarın romanları, Bakhtin'in anılan iki terimi ve bunların derin yapılarıyla birlikte analitik ve eklektik bir yaklaşımla çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Leylâ Erbil, one of the distinguished authors of Turkish literature, wrote her first works with a modernist attitude that the 1950 Generation influenced and determined each other in form and content in art. In Erbil's works, whose basic qualities are characterized as 'revolting', 'destructive', 'contravene', expresses the irreconcilable opposition criticism; humor, especially irony, that challenges any vertical hierarchy that deprives people of their fundamental rights over power relations. The terms of carnivalesque and grotesque, which Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin made widespread in literary terminology as well as social sciences by the main purpose to discredit, were seen as two key terms in explaining the works of the author, who described herself as socialist and Freudian. Erbil creates a narrative world that happen in the public sphere in a carnivalesque manner where hierarchies are turned upside down, the system of bodily and linguistically valid hierarchical values is reduced to a rhizomatic level, and crude sexuality is displayed in a ironic language accompanied by crude gestures and facial expressions with bodily waste and bodily anomalies. In this world, an irreconcilable opposition exists in the face of power devices, authorities, and sexist attitudes. Erbil uses a new way of spelling to make visible point of view as an effective toll. The texture of author's novels is analysed analytically and eclectical via their deep meaning using the two terms of Bakhtin mentioned above.
Leylâ Erbil, one of the distinguished authors of Turkish literature, wrote her first works with a modernist attitude that the 1950 Generation influenced and determined each other in form and content in art. In Erbil's works, whose basic qualities are characterized as 'revolting', 'destructive', 'contravene', expresses the irreconcilable opposition criticism; humor, especially irony, that challenges any vertical hierarchy that deprives people of their fundamental rights over power relations. The terms of carnivalesque and grotesque, which Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin made widespread in literary terminology as well as social sciences by the main purpose to discredit, were seen as two key terms in explaining the works of the author, who described herself as socialist and Freudian. Erbil creates a narrative world that happen in the public sphere in a carnivalesque manner where hierarchies are turned upside down, the system of bodily and linguistically valid hierarchical values is reduced to a rhizomatic level, and crude sexuality is displayed in a ironic language accompanied by crude gestures and facial expressions with bodily waste and bodily anomalies. In this world, an irreconcilable opposition exists in the face of power devices, authorities, and sexist attitudes. Erbil uses a new way of spelling to make visible point of view as an effective toll. The texture of author's novels is analysed analytically and eclectical via their deep meaning using the two terms of Bakhtin mentioned above.
Description
Keywords
Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, Bakhtin, Mikhail, Erbil, Leyla, Grotesk, Karnavalesk, Parodi, Roman, Türk romanı, İtibarsızlaştırma, Turkish Language and Literature, Bakhtin, Mikhail, Erbil, Leyla, Grotesque, Carnivalesque, Parody, Novel, Turkish novel, Discredit
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157