Bitlis Mutki Kilinin Üzerine Boyar Madde Adsorpsiyonunun Araştırılması
Abstract
Günümüzde boyar maddelerle kirlenmiş atık sular, özellikle tekstil, kağıt, boya, gıda ve ilaç sanayilerinden kaynaklanan endüstriyel faaliyetlerin bir sonucu olarak çevresel açıdan önemli bir kirlilik problemi oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Bitlis ili Mutki ilçesine ait doğal kil kullanılarak, sulu ortamdan Metilen Mavisi (MM) ve Malahit Yeşili (MY) adlı iki katyonik boyar maddenin adsorpsiyon yoluyla giderimi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan kil örneği sahadan temin edildikten sonra fiziksel ön işlemlerden geçirilmiş; saf su ile yıkanarak kurutulmuş ve homojen hale getirilmiştir. Hazırlanan doğal kil örneği adsorban olarak kullanılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalar kapsamında adsorpsiyon sürecine etki eden çeşitli parametreler incelenmiştir. Bu parametreler arasında çözeltinin pH değeri, sıcaklık, başlangıç boyar madde konsantrasyonu, adsorban miktarı ve temas süresi yer almaktadır. Adsorpsiyon verimliliğini belirlemek amacıyla, farklı konsantrasyonlardaki MM ve MY çözeltileri kullanılarak izoterm ve kinetik çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen veriler Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin ve Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) izoterm modellerine uygulanmış; her iki boyar madde için de en uygun modelin Freundlich izotermi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu durum, adsorpsiyonun heterojen yüzeylerde çok katmanlı olarak gerçekleştiğini ve yüzeyin farklı enerji bölgeleri içerdiğini göstermektedir. Kinetik analizler sonucunda, adsorpsiyon sürecinin pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetik modeline yüksek uyum gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgu, adsorpsiyon mekanizmasının kimyasal etkileşimlerden ziyade yüzeydeki aktif bölgelerle fiziksel etkileşimlere dayandığını ortaya koymaktadır. Termodinamik incelemeler sonucunda, Gibbs serbest enerji değişimi (ΔG°) tüm sıcaklıklarda negatif olarak hesaplanmış; bu da adsorpsiyonun kendiliğinden gerçekleştiğini göstermiştir. Pozitif entalpi (ΔH°) değerleri sürecin endotermik karakter taşıdığını, pozitif entropi (ΔS°) değerleri ise sistemde düzensizliğin arttığını ve adsorban ile adsorplanan türler arasında uygunluk olduğunu ifade etmektedir. Sonuçlar, Bitlis/Mutki yöresinden temin edilen doğal kilin, doğal haliyle katyonik karakterdeki boyar maddelerin gideriminde yüksek verimlilikle kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, söz konusu kil mineralinin, endüstriyel atıksuların arıtımında düşük maliyetli, çevre dostu ve sürdürülebilir bir adsorban alternatifi olarak değerlendirilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Today, wastewater contaminated with dyes, particularly as a result of industrial activities in the textile, paper, paint, food, and pharmaceutical industries, poses a significant environmental pollution problem. In this study, the removal of two cationic dyes, Methylene Blue (MB) and Malachite Green (MG), from aqueous media by adsorption was investigated using natural clay from the Mutki district of Bitlis province. After the clay sample used in the study was obtained from the field, it underwent physical pretreatment; it was washed with pure water, dried, and homogenized. The prepared natural clay sample was used as an adsorbent. Within the scope of the experimental studies, various parameters affecting the adsorption process were examined. These parameters included the pH value of the solution, temperature, initial dye concentration, adsorbent amount, and contact time. To determine the adsorption efficiency, isotherm and kinetic studies were conducted using MM and MY solutions at different concentrations. The obtained data were applied to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models; the Freundlich isotherm was determined to be the most suitable model for both dyes. This indicates that adsorption occurs in multiple layers on heterogeneous surfaces and that the surface contains different energy regions. Kinetic analyses revealed that the adsorption process showed high compliance with the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model. This finding indicates that the adsorption mechanism is based on physical interactions with active regions on the surface rather than chemical interactions. Thermodynamic investigations revealed that the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) was calculated as negative at all temperatures, indicating that adsorption occurs spontaneously. Positive enthalpy (ΔH°) values indicate that the process is endothermic, while positive entropy (ΔS°) values indicate an increase in disorder in the system and compatibility between the adsorbent and the adsorbed species. The results show that natural clay obtained from the Bitlis/Mutki region can be used with high efficiency in the removal of cationic dyes in their natural state. In this context, it has been concluded that the clay mineral in question can be considered a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and sustainable adsorbent alternative for the treatment of industrial wastewater.
Today, wastewater contaminated with dyes, particularly as a result of industrial activities in the textile, paper, paint, food, and pharmaceutical industries, poses a significant environmental pollution problem. In this study, the removal of two cationic dyes, Methylene Blue (MB) and Malachite Green (MG), from aqueous media by adsorption was investigated using natural clay from the Mutki district of Bitlis province. After the clay sample used in the study was obtained from the field, it underwent physical pretreatment; it was washed with pure water, dried, and homogenized. The prepared natural clay sample was used as an adsorbent. Within the scope of the experimental studies, various parameters affecting the adsorption process were examined. These parameters included the pH value of the solution, temperature, initial dye concentration, adsorbent amount, and contact time. To determine the adsorption efficiency, isotherm and kinetic studies were conducted using MM and MY solutions at different concentrations. The obtained data were applied to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models; the Freundlich isotherm was determined to be the most suitable model for both dyes. This indicates that adsorption occurs in multiple layers on heterogeneous surfaces and that the surface contains different energy regions. Kinetic analyses revealed that the adsorption process showed high compliance with the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model. This finding indicates that the adsorption mechanism is based on physical interactions with active regions on the surface rather than chemical interactions. Thermodynamic investigations revealed that the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) was calculated as negative at all temperatures, indicating that adsorption occurs spontaneously. Positive enthalpy (ΔH°) values indicate that the process is endothermic, while positive entropy (ΔS°) values indicate an increase in disorder in the system and compatibility between the adsorbent and the adsorbed species. The results show that natural clay obtained from the Bitlis/Mutki region can be used with high efficiency in the removal of cationic dyes in their natural state. In this context, it has been concluded that the clay mineral in question can be considered a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and sustainable adsorbent alternative for the treatment of industrial wastewater.
Description
Keywords
Kimya, Adsorpsiyon Kinetiği, Boyar Maddeler, Chemistry, Adsorption Kinetic, Coloring Agents
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
WoS Q
Scopus Q
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Volume
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End Page
137

