A Review of the Relationship Between Freedom and Seperation of Powers in Montesquieu
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Date
2021
Authors
Yürgüç, İsmail
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İnsanoğlunun uygar topluma geçip bir arada yaşamaya karar vermesiyle birlikte, toplumlarda adalet, eşitlik, özgürlük ve devlet iktidarının bölüşümü gibi birçok temel sorun da ortaya çıkmıştır. İnsanlık tarihi boyunca bu kavramlar üzerinde birçok düşünür kafa yormuş, farklı tanım ve tartışmalar yapmıştır. Bu tezde, özgürlük kavramını ve bu kavramın teminatı olarak görülen kuvvetler ayrılığı kavramını Aristo ve Locke'un düşünceleri ışığında ele alarak, kuvvetler ayrılığı kavramının esas teorisyeni olarak kabul edilen Fransız düşünür Montesquieu'nun özgün fikirleri ile açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Genel kabule göre Montesquieu, siyasal özgürlüğün güvencesi olarak kuvvetler ayrılığı teorisini geliştirmiştir. Ancak Montesquieu bu teorisini geliştirirken gerçek anlamda bir kuvvetler ayrılığını mı kastetmiş? Yoksa kendisinin de mensubu olduğu soylu sınıfının eski itibarını yeniden elde etmesi için bir teori mi tasarlamaya çalışmış? Bu çalışmada bu tür sorulara cevap ararken özellikle Louis Althusser gibi Montesquieu'nun bu fikrine kuşkuyla yaklaşan düşünürlerden yararlanarak, kuvvetler ayrılığı teorisi eleştirel bir bakış açısı ile incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Montesquieu, Kuvvetler Ayrılığı, Siyasal Özgürlük, Yasama, Yürütme, Yargı.
Along with the decision of human beings to transititon to civilized society and live together, many fundamental problems such as justice, equality, freedom and distribution of state power have emerged in society. Throughout the history of humanity, many thinkers have pondered on these concepts and made diferent definitions and discussions. İn this thesis, the concept of freedom and the concept of separation of powers, which is seen as the quarantee of this concept, are discussed in the light of the ideas of Aristoteles and Locke, and it is tried to be explained with the original ideas of the French thinker Montesquieu, who is accepted as the main theorist of the concept of separation of powers. İt is generally accepted that Montesquieu developed the theory of separation of Powers as a quarantee of political freedom. But did Montesquieu really mean a separation of powers when he developed this theory? Or did he try to devise a theory to restore the former dignity of the nobility to which he belonged? In this study, the theory of separation of Powers has been tried to be examined from a critical point of view by making use of thinkers who are suspicious of Montesquieu's idea, especially Louis Althusser, while seeking answers to such questions. Keywords: Montesquieu, Separation of Powers, Political Freedom, Legislative, Executive, Judgment.
Along with the decision of human beings to transititon to civilized society and live together, many fundamental problems such as justice, equality, freedom and distribution of state power have emerged in society. Throughout the history of humanity, many thinkers have pondered on these concepts and made diferent definitions and discussions. İn this thesis, the concept of freedom and the concept of separation of powers, which is seen as the quarantee of this concept, are discussed in the light of the ideas of Aristoteles and Locke, and it is tried to be explained with the original ideas of the French thinker Montesquieu, who is accepted as the main theorist of the concept of separation of powers. İt is generally accepted that Montesquieu developed the theory of separation of Powers as a quarantee of political freedom. But did Montesquieu really mean a separation of powers when he developed this theory? Or did he try to devise a theory to restore the former dignity of the nobility to which he belonged? In this study, the theory of separation of Powers has been tried to be examined from a critical point of view by making use of thinkers who are suspicious of Montesquieu's idea, especially Louis Althusser, while seeking answers to such questions. Keywords: Montesquieu, Separation of Powers, Political Freedom, Legislative, Executive, Judgment.
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Kamu Yönetimi, Kuvvetler ayrılığı, Montesquieu, Yargı, Yasama, Yürütme, Özgürlük, Public Administration, Divivsion of powers, Montesquieu, Judgment, Legislation, Executive, Freedom
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105