A Group of Early Turkish Islamic Coins Found in Van Museum
Abstract
Lidyalılarla birlikte kullanılmaya başlanan ve ekonomik hayatın gelişmesinde önemli bir aşama olan sikke, tarihi bir vesika olması ve geçmiş dönemlere ait veriler sunması açısından son derece önemlidir. Sikkeye bakarak onu basan devletin ekonomik gücü ve sanatsal durumu hakkında bilgi edinilebilmektedir. Çalışmada Van Müze Müdürlüğü envanterine kayıtlı Bir Grup Erken Dönem Türk İslam Sikkesinin fotoğraflarının çekilmesi, üzerindeki yazıların okunması ve tasvirlerin açıklanarak daha iyi anlaşılmaları amaç edinilmiştir. Anadolu coğrafyasında kurulan devletlerin çok sayıda sikkesi çalışmada yer alması nedeniyle devletlerin tarihçelerine çok fazla değinilmemiş ve çalışmanın asıl amacı olan sikkelerin dönemlerinin belirlenmesi, üzerindeki yazıların okunması ve tasvirlerin açıklanmasına ağırlık verilmiştir. Van Müzesi'nin sahip olduğu değerli koleksiyonlardan biri olan Erken Dönem Türk İslam Sikkeleri çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmuş ve Anadolu Selçuklu, Ermenşah, Artuklu, Zengi, Beytekinli ve Lulu devletlerine ait 103 adet sikke çalışmamızda kullanılmıştır. İslam devletleri sikkelerinde dini yazılar, hükümdarın ismi ve unvanı, darp yeri, basım tarihi ve dini tabiiyetlerini göstermek amacıyla Abbasi Halifelerinin isimleri ile belli dönemlerde siyasi otoritelerini tanıdıkları devletlerin hükümdarlarının isimlerini kullanmışlardır. Sikkelerde kullanılan en önemli yazı türleri kufi ve sülüs olmakla beraber az da olsa Divani yazı da kullanılmıştır.Sikkelerin estetik görünümünü arttırmak için Zencerek, Düğüm, Kare, Dikdörtgen, Mühr-ü Süleyman, Yıldız gibi geometrik süslemeler kullanılmıştır. Bordür ise sikkeyi gerek içten gerekse dıştan çevreleyerek sikkede yer alan yazı, portre, figür gibi uygulamaların sınırını belirlemiştir. İslami sikkelerde çok sık olmasa da bitkisel süsleme de görmek mümkündür. Anadolu Selçuklu, Artuklu, Zengi dönemi sikkelerinde bulunan bitkisel süslemeler rumi, kıvrık dal, palmet ve gülçe gibi bezemelerdir. Anadolu Selçuklu, Artuklu ve Zengi gibi devletlerin sikkelerinde değişik insan, hayvan ve fantastik yaratık tasvirleri kullanılmıştır. Bu devletler Helenistik Dönem ile Roma, Bizans ve Sasani gibi devletlerin sikkelerinden esinlenerek benzer özellikte sikkeler basmışlardır. Bu esinlenme sonucunda kentuar, ejder, çift başlı kartal ve melek gibi fantastik yaratıklarda Erken Dönem Türk İslam sikkelerinde kullanılmıştır.
The coin, which was started to be used by the Lydians and which is an important stage in the development of economic life, is extremely important in terms of being a historical document and presenting data from the past periods. By looking at the coin, information can be obtained about the economic power and artistic status of the state that minted it. In the study, it was aimed to take pictures of a Group of Early Period Turkish-Islamic Coins registered in the inventory of the Van Museum Directorate, read the writings on them, and explain the descriptions, and in order to understand them better. Since many coins of the states established in the Anatolian geography are included in the study, the histories of the states were not mentioned much and the main purpose of the study was to determine the periods of the coins, to read the inscriptions on them, and to explain the descriptions. Early Period Turkish-Islamic Coins, one of the valuable collections of the Van Museum, constituted the subject of the study and 103 coins belonging to the Seljuk of Rum, Armenshah, Artuqid, Zangid, Begteginid, and Lu'lu'id states were used in our study. Islamic states used religious inscriptions, the name and title of the ruler, the place of minting, the date of issue and their religious nationality on their coins. In order to show these, they used the names of the Abbasid Caliphs and the names of the rulers of the states whose political authorities they knew in certain periods. Although the most important writing types used on coins are kufic and thuluth, Divani script was also used. Geometric decorations such as Zencerek, Knot, Square, Rectangle, Seal of Süleyman and Star were used to increase the aesthetic appearance of the coins. The bordure, on the other hand, surrounded the coin both internally and externally and determined the limits of applications such as writing, portrait and figure on the coin. It is possible to see herbal ornaments on Islamic coins, although not very often. Herbal ornaments found on the Seljuk of Rum, Artuqid and Zangid period coins are ornaments such as rumi, curled branch, palmette and rosette. Various depictions of humans, animals and fantastic creatures were used on the coins of states such as Seljuk of Rum, Artuqids and Zangid. These states were inspired by the Hellenistic Period and the coins of states such as Rome, Byzantium and Sassanid, and minted coins with similar characteristics. As a result of this inspiration, fantastic creatures such as centaurs, dragons, double-headed eagles and angels were used in Early Period Turkish Islamic coins.
The coin, which was started to be used by the Lydians and which is an important stage in the development of economic life, is extremely important in terms of being a historical document and presenting data from the past periods. By looking at the coin, information can be obtained about the economic power and artistic status of the state that minted it. In the study, it was aimed to take pictures of a Group of Early Period Turkish-Islamic Coins registered in the inventory of the Van Museum Directorate, read the writings on them, and explain the descriptions, and in order to understand them better. Since many coins of the states established in the Anatolian geography are included in the study, the histories of the states were not mentioned much and the main purpose of the study was to determine the periods of the coins, to read the inscriptions on them, and to explain the descriptions. Early Period Turkish-Islamic Coins, one of the valuable collections of the Van Museum, constituted the subject of the study and 103 coins belonging to the Seljuk of Rum, Armenshah, Artuqid, Zangid, Begteginid, and Lu'lu'id states were used in our study. Islamic states used religious inscriptions, the name and title of the ruler, the place of minting, the date of issue and their religious nationality on their coins. In order to show these, they used the names of the Abbasid Caliphs and the names of the rulers of the states whose political authorities they knew in certain periods. Although the most important writing types used on coins are kufic and thuluth, Divani script was also used. Geometric decorations such as Zencerek, Knot, Square, Rectangle, Seal of Süleyman and Star were used to increase the aesthetic appearance of the coins. The bordure, on the other hand, surrounded the coin both internally and externally and determined the limits of applications such as writing, portrait and figure on the coin. It is possible to see herbal ornaments on Islamic coins, although not very often. Herbal ornaments found on the Seljuk of Rum, Artuqid and Zangid period coins are ornaments such as rumi, curled branch, palmette and rosette. Various depictions of humans, animals and fantastic creatures were used on the coins of states such as Seljuk of Rum, Artuqids and Zangid. These states were inspired by the Hellenistic Period and the coins of states such as Rome, Byzantium and Sassanid, and minted coins with similar characteristics. As a result of this inspiration, fantastic creatures such as centaurs, dragons, double-headed eagles and angels were used in Early Period Turkish Islamic coins.
Description
Keywords
Sanat Tarihi, Art History
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
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209

