Local People's Evaluation of the Environmental Impacts of Turkey's Nuclear Energy Policy: the Case of Akkuyu, Sinop and İğneada
Abstract
Sanayi devriminden bu yana gerek gündelik hayatta gerekse de üretim aşamaları için enerjiye olan ihtiyaç ve talep artmıştır. Bu ihtiyaç ve talepleri karşılamak adına ülkeler ilkin fosil yakıt kullanımına başlamıştır. Fosil yakıtların tükenmekte olan rezervleri, enerji talebini karşılamakta yetersiz kalması ve küresel ısınma ile iklim değişikliği açısından olumsuz etkilerinden ötürü birçok ülkede yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına yönelim söz konusu olmuştur. Ancak gelinen noktada ve özellikle de Rusya - Ukrayna savaşından sonra ortaya çıkan enerji krizi, ülkeleri alternatif enerji kaynaklarına yönelmeye mecbur kılmıştır. Bu alternatif enerji kaynaklarından biri de nükleer enerjidir. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler arasında yer alan Türkiye'de de alternatif enerji olarak nükleer enerjiye yönelim söz konusudur. Fakat nükleer enerji birçok fırsat ve riski bünyesinde barındırdığı için tartışma konusu olmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada, nükleer enerji santrallerinin inşa edilmekte olduğu ya da edilmesi planlanan Akkuyu, Sinop ve İğneada'da yaşayan halkın, nükleer enerjinin çevresel etkilerine ilişkin algı düzeylerinin ortaya çıkarılması ve buna ilişkin politika önerilerinin sunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu, 300 kişiden oluşan ve rastgele yöntemle seçilen yerel halktan oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama amacıyla araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan 'Nükleer Enerjinin Çevresel Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesine Yönelik Halk Algısı' ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler üzerinden normallik dağılımı testi dikkate alınarak T testi (ikili değişkenler için) ve ANOVA testi (ikiden fazla değişkenler için) kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca betimsel analizde de aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma değerleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, bahsedilen yerleşim alanlarında yaşayan yerel halkın nükleer enerjinin çevresel etkilerine ilişkin algılarının 'Orta derecede katılıyorum' değerlendirme aralığında olduğu, nükleer enerjinin çevresel etkilerine ilişkin algının cinsiyete göre risk boyutunda, medeni duruma göre fırsat boyutunda, yaşa göre fırsat boyutunda, ikametgâh yerine göre fırsat boyutunda ve mesleğe göre fırsat boyutunda farklılaşma olduğu, diğer değişkenlere göre ise incelenen boyutlarda farklılaşma olmadığı elde edilen bulgulardan öne çıkanlar arasındadır.
The industrial revolution has increased the need and demand for energy both in daily life and in production stages. Many countries first started to use fossil fuels to meet these needs and demands. These countries have turned to renewable energy sources as the depleting reserves of fossil fuels are insufficient to meet the energy demand and negatively affect global warming and climate change. However, current conditions and emerging energy crises, such as the war between Russia and Ukraine, have led countries to alternative energy sources, one of which is nuclear energy. Türkiye, one of the developing countries, is also turning to nuclear energy as an alternative energy. However, nuclear energy is discussed as it contains many opportunities and risks. This study aims to reveal the perception levels of the people living in Akkuyu, Sinop and İğneada where nuclear power plants are being built or planned to be built regarding the environmental effects of nuclear energy and to present policy recommendations regarding this. Therefore, the scanning model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used. The population of the study consists of 300 people from the region. The 'Public Perception of the Evaluation of the Environmental Effects of Nuclear Energy' scale, created by the researcher, was used to collect data. T-test (for binary variables) and ANOVA test (for multiple variables) were used considering the normality distribution through the obtained data. In addition, arithmetic mean and standard deviation values were used in the descriptive analysis section. According to the results of the research, it was seen that the perceptions of the people of the region regarding the environmental effects of nuclear energy were in the 'Moderately agree' evaluation range. In addition, results were obtained such that the perception of the environmental effects of nuclear energy differs in the risk dimension according to gender, in the dimension of opportunity according to marital status, in the dimension of opportunity according to age, in the dimension of opportunity according to the place of residence and in the dimension of opportunity according to the profession, but there is no difference in the dimensions examined according to other variables.
The industrial revolution has increased the need and demand for energy both in daily life and in production stages. Many countries first started to use fossil fuels to meet these needs and demands. These countries have turned to renewable energy sources as the depleting reserves of fossil fuels are insufficient to meet the energy demand and negatively affect global warming and climate change. However, current conditions and emerging energy crises, such as the war between Russia and Ukraine, have led countries to alternative energy sources, one of which is nuclear energy. Türkiye, one of the developing countries, is also turning to nuclear energy as an alternative energy. However, nuclear energy is discussed as it contains many opportunities and risks. This study aims to reveal the perception levels of the people living in Akkuyu, Sinop and İğneada where nuclear power plants are being built or planned to be built regarding the environmental effects of nuclear energy and to present policy recommendations regarding this. Therefore, the scanning model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used. The population of the study consists of 300 people from the region. The 'Public Perception of the Evaluation of the Environmental Effects of Nuclear Energy' scale, created by the researcher, was used to collect data. T-test (for binary variables) and ANOVA test (for multiple variables) were used considering the normality distribution through the obtained data. In addition, arithmetic mean and standard deviation values were used in the descriptive analysis section. According to the results of the research, it was seen that the perceptions of the people of the region regarding the environmental effects of nuclear energy were in the 'Moderately agree' evaluation range. In addition, results were obtained such that the perception of the environmental effects of nuclear energy differs in the risk dimension according to gender, in the dimension of opportunity according to marital status, in the dimension of opportunity according to age, in the dimension of opportunity according to the place of residence and in the dimension of opportunity according to the profession, but there is no difference in the dimensions examined according to other variables.
Description
Keywords
Kamu Yönetimi, Enerji, Fosil yakıtlar, Nükleer enerji, Yenilenebilir enerji, Public Administration, Energy, Fossil fuels, Nuclear energy, Renewable energy
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
WoS Q
Scopus Q
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164