Translation and Introduction of Âdâbu'l-harb Ve'ş-şecâ
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2022
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Gazneli, Gûrlu ve Delhi Sultanlığı saraylarında himaye görmüş olan, Fahr-ı Müdebbir olarak bilinen, Mübârek Şâh lakaplı Muhammed b. Mansur b. Said'in Âdâbu'l-Harb ve'ş-Şecâ'a'sı, gerek siyâsetnâme örneği sergilemesi ve gerekse de dönemin savaş ruhunu yansıtması bakımından oldukça kıymetli bir eserdir. Fahr-ı Müdebbir'in, Delhi Sultanlığı'nın gerçek anlamda kurucusu kabul edilen Türk asıllı hükümdarı Şemseddin İltutmuş'a (1210-1236) ithaf ettiği mezkûr eserini tam olarak hangi tarihte kaleme aldığı bilinmemekle beraber 1229-1236 tarihleri arasında yazmış olması kuvvetle muhtemeldir. Tezimize konu olan Âdâbu'l-Harb ve'ş-Şecâ'a otuz dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Müellif Kitabın başlangıcı'nda Acem hükümdarlarını anlatıp ardından Bâbların fihristi'ne yer vermiştir. Mukaddime kısmında, ele aldığı konuları zikrederek eserinin özellikle hükümdarlar ve komutanlar açısından önemine dikkat çekmiştir. Yazıldığı dönem ve içeriği itibariyle ileri seviyede bir eser olan Âdâbu'l-Harb ve'ş-Şecâ'a'nın ilk yedi bölümünde, iyi bir yöneticinin sahip olması gereken nitelikler sıralanmış ve başarılı bir yönetimin esasları, muhtelif devletlerin yönetici sınıfının örnek davranış ve uygulamalarına dair tarihten örnekler sunularak vurgulanmıştır. Müellif, İslâmî dönem siyâsetnâmelerine kadar daha çok peygamberlerden, meşhur hükümdar ve vezirlerden, Fars, Roma, Yunan, Hint ve Çin filozoflarından örnekler aktarıp İslâmî dönem siyâsetnâmelerden faydalanırken de Kur'ân, Hz. Muhammed, hadis, siyer ve meğazi âlimlerinden, dört halife, sahabeler, Emevî ve Abbâsî halifelerinden örnekler sunmaktadır. Eserde, yedinci bölümden itibaren savaş sanatı konusu ele alınmıştır. Kaleme alınan tüm savaş sanatı kitaplarında olduğu gibi bu eserde de barışın mümkün olduğu durumlarda savaştan uzak durulması gerektiği vurgulanarak konuya giriş yapılmış, savaşmadan zafer elde etmenin yollarının aranması ve bunun için de meşveret yapılması tavsiye edilmiştir. Savaş sanatı konularını ele alırken en ince ayrıntıları dahi paylaşmayı tercih eden müellif, savaş stratejileri ve taktikleri; hisar kuşatması, gece baskını, ordu ve ordugâh düzeni, ordu sevk ve idâresi, pusu kurulması, casusluk faaliyetleri, savaş hileleri, savaş yeri ve zemininin seçimine dair kıymetli bilgiler vermekte, atlar ve silahlar hakkındaki bilgi birikimini teferruatlı bir şekilde aktarmaktadır.
Muhammad b. Mansur b. Said's Âdâbu'l-Harb ve'ş-Şecâ'a, nicknamed Mubârek Şâh, who was patronized in the palaces of Ghazni, Ghurlu and Delhi Sultanate, known as Fahr-i Mudebbir, is a very valuable work both in terms of exhibiting an example of politics and reflecting the war spirit of the period. Although it is not known exactly when Fahr-ı Müdebbir wrote the work dedicated to the ruler of Turkish origin Şemseddin İltutmuş (1210-1236), who is considered the true founder of the Delhi Sultanate, it is highly probable that he wrote it between 1229-1236. Âdâbu'l-Harb ve'ş-Şecâ'a, which is the subject of our thesis, consists of thirty-four chapters. In the beginning of the book, the author described the rulers of Ajam and then included the fihrist of the Bâbs. In the Muqaddimah section, he drew attention to the importance of his work especially for rulers and commanders by mentioning the issues he dealt with. In the first seven chapters of Âdâbu'l-Harb ve'ş-Şecâ'a, which is an advanced work in terms of the period in which it was written and its content, the qualities that a good manager should have are listed and the principles of a successful administration are emphasized by presenting examples from history of the exemplary behavior and practices of the ruling class of various states. While the author cites examples from prophets, famous rulers and viziers, Persian, Roman, Greek, Indian and Chinese philosophers until the Islamic period politics, and makes use of Islamic period policies, he also presents examples from the Qur'an, Prophet Muhammad, hadith, siyer and meghazi scholars, four caliphs, companions, Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs. In the work, the subject of the art of war is discussed from the seventh chapter. As in all the martial art books written, this work also emphasized the need to stay away from war when peace is possible, and it was recommended to look for ways to achieve victory without fighting and to make consultation for this. The author, who prefers to share even the finest details when dealing with the subjects of the art of war, war-making strategies and tactics; It gives valuable information about the siege of the fortress, night raid, army and camp order, army dispatch and administration, ambush, espionage activities, war tricks, the choice of the battlefield and ground, and conveys his knowledge about horses and weapons in detail.
Muhammad b. Mansur b. Said's Âdâbu'l-Harb ve'ş-Şecâ'a, nicknamed Mubârek Şâh, who was patronized in the palaces of Ghazni, Ghurlu and Delhi Sultanate, known as Fahr-i Mudebbir, is a very valuable work both in terms of exhibiting an example of politics and reflecting the war spirit of the period. Although it is not known exactly when Fahr-ı Müdebbir wrote the work dedicated to the ruler of Turkish origin Şemseddin İltutmuş (1210-1236), who is considered the true founder of the Delhi Sultanate, it is highly probable that he wrote it between 1229-1236. Âdâbu'l-Harb ve'ş-Şecâ'a, which is the subject of our thesis, consists of thirty-four chapters. In the beginning of the book, the author described the rulers of Ajam and then included the fihrist of the Bâbs. In the Muqaddimah section, he drew attention to the importance of his work especially for rulers and commanders by mentioning the issues he dealt with. In the first seven chapters of Âdâbu'l-Harb ve'ş-Şecâ'a, which is an advanced work in terms of the period in which it was written and its content, the qualities that a good manager should have are listed and the principles of a successful administration are emphasized by presenting examples from history of the exemplary behavior and practices of the ruling class of various states. While the author cites examples from prophets, famous rulers and viziers, Persian, Roman, Greek, Indian and Chinese philosophers until the Islamic period politics, and makes use of Islamic period policies, he also presents examples from the Qur'an, Prophet Muhammad, hadith, siyer and meghazi scholars, four caliphs, companions, Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs. In the work, the subject of the art of war is discussed from the seventh chapter. As in all the martial art books written, this work also emphasized the need to stay away from war when peace is possible, and it was recommended to look for ways to achieve victory without fighting and to make consultation for this. The author, who prefers to share even the finest details when dealing with the subjects of the art of war, war-making strategies and tactics; It gives valuable information about the siege of the fortress, night raid, army and camp order, army dispatch and administration, ambush, espionage activities, war tricks, the choice of the battlefield and ground, and conveys his knowledge about horses and weapons in detail.
Description
Keywords
Tarih, History
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
Start Page
End Page
302