Evaluation of Anti-Hyperglycemic Activities of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Lepidium Latifolium L in Experimental Diabetic Sıçan Model
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2025
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Bu çalışma, çinko oksit nanopartiküllerinin (ZnO NP'ler) Lepidium latifolium (LL) bitkisinin özütünden yeşil sentez yöntemiyle sentezlenmesini ve bu nanopartiküllerin anti-diyabetik aktivitesinin in vivo olarak değerlendirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. ZnO NP'ler, UV-vis, FTIR, SEM ve EDX analizleriyle optik, yapısal, morfolojik ve elementel özellikleri açısından kapsamlı bir şekilde karakterize edilmiştir. LL ve LL türevi ZnO NP'lerin anti-diyabetik aktiviteleri, Streptozotosin (STZ) ile indüklenen diyabetik sıçan modelinde, pankreas beta hücrelerine toksik etkisi bilinen STZ'nin (50 mg/kg) tek bir intraperitoneal dozu kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. LL ve LL-ZnO NP'ler, sıçanlara sırasıyla 50 ve 100 mg/Kg dozlarında 21 gün boyunca günde bir kez oral yoldan uygulanmış, glibenklamid ise 0.6 mg/Kg dozunda referans ilaç grubu olarak kullanılmıştır. Vücut ağırlığı değişimleri, kan glikoz düzeyi, sıçan pankreasındaki histopatolojik değişiklikler ve oksidan/antioksidan aktivite gibi çeşitli parametreler, yapılan tedavi uygulamalarının etkinliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla incelenmiştir. Bulgularda UV-vis analizi, ZnO NP'lerin yüzey plazmon rezonansına karşılık gelen 350 nm'de bir absorpsiyon piki ortaya çıkardı. FT-IR, sentezde biyoaktif bileşenlerin varlığını göstermiştir. SEM ve EDX analizleri, ZnO NP'lerin küçük ve küresel boyutta olduğunu doğruladı ve çinko metalden kaynaklanan güçlü sinyallerin varlığını ortaya çıkardı. Vücut ağırlığı değerlendirmesinde, diyabetli sıçanlara glibenklamid, LL ve LL-ZnO NP'ler, uygulandıktan sonra vücut ağırlığı kaybının önlendiğini ve LL'nin tek başına uygulanmasına kıyasla LL-ZnO NP'ler vücut ağırlığında anlamlı bir geri kazanım sağlandığını göstermiştir. LL ve LL-ZnO NP'ler, referans ilaç glibenklamide kıyasla kan glukoz seviyelerinde doza bağlı bir düşüş gözlenmiştir (p<0.05). STZ ile karşılaştırıldığında, LL ve LL-ZnO NP'ler, kan glikoz seviyelerinde anlamlı bir düşüş sağlamıştır (p<0.05). Ayrıca, serum örneklerinde yapılan TAS-TOS analizlerinde, STZ grubunun TAS düzeylerinin diğer gruplara kıyasla anlamlı şekilde azaldığı gözlendi. Buna karşılık, LL-ZnO NP'ler ve glibenklamid gruplarında TAS düzeylerinde anlamlı bir artış görüldü. Bununla birlikte, LL ve LL-ZnO NP'ler ile TOS düzeylerinde önemli bir azalma gözlenirken, tedavi edilmeyen hasar grubunda TOS düzeylerinin arttığı tespit edildi. Bu sonuçları, OSI düzeyleri desteklemektedir. Ayrıca, ZnO NP'lerin pankreas hücre yapısında kısmi iyileşme sağladığı gözlenmiştir. LL-ZnO NP'ler, antidiyabetik etkilerinin yanı sıra belirgin bir antioksidan aktivite de sergilemiştir. Bu çalışma, nano boyutlu ZnO NP'lerin yeşil ve ekonomik bir yöntem kullanılarak endüstriyel ölçekte üretilebileceğini ve çeşitli uygulamalarda kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, yeşil sentezlenen nanopartiküllerin, çeşitli hastalıkların tedavi ve yönetiminde daha güvenli bir şekilde kullanılabilmesi için daha kapsamlı araştırmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Diyabetes Mellitus, Çinko Nanopartikül, Antioksidan, Lepidium Latifolium, Sıçan.
This study aims to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from Lepidium latifolium (LL) plant extract by green synthesis method and to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of these nanoparticles in vivo. The ZnO NPs have been extensively characterized in terms of their optical, structural, morphological and elemental properties by UV-vis, FTIR, SEM and EDX analyses. The anti-diabetic activities of LL and LL-derived ZnO NPs were established in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model using a single intraperitoneal dose of STZ (50 mg/kg), which is known to be toxic to pancreatic beta cells. LL and LL-ZnO NPs were administered to rats orally once daily for 21 days at doses of 50 and 100 mg/Kg, respectively, and glibenclamide was used as a reference drug group at a dose of 0.6 mg/Kg. Various parameters such as body weight changes, blood glucose levels, histopathologic changes in rat pancreas and oxidant/antioxidant activity were examined to evaluate the efficacy of the treatments. The findings revealed that UV-vis analysis showed an absorption peak at 350 nm, corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance of ZnO NPs. FT-IR indicated the presence of bioactive components involved in the synthesis. SEM and EDX analyses confirmed that the ZnO NPs were small and spherical in size, and revealed strong signals originating from zinc metal. Body weight assessment showed that body weight loss was prevented after administration of glibenclamide, LL and LL-ZnO NPs to diabetic rats, and LL-ZnO NPs resulted in a significant recovery of body weight compared to administration of LL alone. LL and LL- ZnO NPs exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose levels compared to the reference drug glibenclamide (p<0.05). When compared to STZ, LL and LL-ZnO NPs significantly lowered blood glucose levels (p<0.05). Furthermore, TAS-TOS analysis of serum samples showed that TAS levels in the STZ group were significantly decreased compared to the other groups. In contrast, a significant increase in TAS levels was observed in the LL-ZnO NPs and glibenclamide groups. However, a significant decrease in TOS levels was observed with LL and LL-ZnO NPs, while TOS levels increased in the untreated injury group. These results were supported by OSI levels. In addition, it has been observed that ZnO NPs provide partial recovery in pancreatic cell structure. LL-ZnO NPs exhibited significant antioxidant activity as well as antidiabetic effects. This study demonstrates that nano-sized ZnO NPs can be produced on an industrial scale using a green and cost-effective method and can be utilized in various applications. Therefore, more comprehensive research is needed to enable the safer use of green-synthesized nanoparticles in the treatment and management of various diseases. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Zinc Nanoparticles, Antioxidant, Lepidium Latifolium, Rat.
This study aims to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from Lepidium latifolium (LL) plant extract by green synthesis method and to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of these nanoparticles in vivo. The ZnO NPs have been extensively characterized in terms of their optical, structural, morphological and elemental properties by UV-vis, FTIR, SEM and EDX analyses. The anti-diabetic activities of LL and LL-derived ZnO NPs were established in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model using a single intraperitoneal dose of STZ (50 mg/kg), which is known to be toxic to pancreatic beta cells. LL and LL-ZnO NPs were administered to rats orally once daily for 21 days at doses of 50 and 100 mg/Kg, respectively, and glibenclamide was used as a reference drug group at a dose of 0.6 mg/Kg. Various parameters such as body weight changes, blood glucose levels, histopathologic changes in rat pancreas and oxidant/antioxidant activity were examined to evaluate the efficacy of the treatments. The findings revealed that UV-vis analysis showed an absorption peak at 350 nm, corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance of ZnO NPs. FT-IR indicated the presence of bioactive components involved in the synthesis. SEM and EDX analyses confirmed that the ZnO NPs were small and spherical in size, and revealed strong signals originating from zinc metal. Body weight assessment showed that body weight loss was prevented after administration of glibenclamide, LL and LL-ZnO NPs to diabetic rats, and LL-ZnO NPs resulted in a significant recovery of body weight compared to administration of LL alone. LL and LL- ZnO NPs exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose levels compared to the reference drug glibenclamide (p<0.05). When compared to STZ, LL and LL-ZnO NPs significantly lowered blood glucose levels (p<0.05). Furthermore, TAS-TOS analysis of serum samples showed that TAS levels in the STZ group were significantly decreased compared to the other groups. In contrast, a significant increase in TAS levels was observed in the LL-ZnO NPs and glibenclamide groups. However, a significant decrease in TOS levels was observed with LL and LL-ZnO NPs, while TOS levels increased in the untreated injury group. These results were supported by OSI levels. In addition, it has been observed that ZnO NPs provide partial recovery in pancreatic cell structure. LL-ZnO NPs exhibited significant antioxidant activity as well as antidiabetic effects. This study demonstrates that nano-sized ZnO NPs can be produced on an industrial scale using a green and cost-effective method and can be utilized in various applications. Therefore, more comprehensive research is needed to enable the safer use of green-synthesized nanoparticles in the treatment and management of various diseases. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Zinc Nanoparticles, Antioxidant, Lepidium Latifolium, Rat.
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Veteriner Hekimliği, Veterinary Medicine
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