Helichrysum Armenium Subsp. Araxinum Üzerine Farmakognozik Araştırmalar
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Helichrysum armenium subspecies araxinum'un toprak üstü kısmından hazırlanan n-hekzan, etil asetat ve etanol ekstrelerinin 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) ve 2,2'-azino-bis (3-etilbenzotiyazolin-6-sülfonik asit) (ABTS) radikal süpürücü aktiviteleri, tirozinaz ve elastaz enzim inhibisyonları ile insan glioblastoma multiforme (U87-MG) ve insan nöroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) hücre hatlarına toksik etkileri incelenmiş ve bu aktiviteler ile ekstrelerin kimyasal profilleri arasındaki korelasyon araştırılmıştır. Ekstreler bitkisel materyalin iki kez 24 saat maserasyona bırakılmasıyla hazırlanmıştır. % 50'nin üzerinde enzim inhibisyonu gösteren ekstrelerin yarı-maksimal inhibitör konsantrasyonu (IC₅₀) değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Ekstrelerin sitotoksik etkileri 100, 50, 25 ve 12.5 μg/mL konsantrasyonlarda, 24, 48 ve 72 saatlik inkübasyon sonrası 3-(4,5-dimetiltiyazol-2-il)-2,5 difenil tetrazolyum bromür (MTT) testi ile belirlenmiştir. Ekstrelerin kimyasal içeriği Ultra yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi-tandem kütle spektrometrisi (UHPLC-MS/MS) yöntemiyle 56 standart bileşik üzerinden analiz edilmiştir. Bileşiklerin enzim afiniteleri in silico olarak AutoDock 4.2 yazılımı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Etanol ekstresi (329.60 ± 0.45 mg TE/g DW) ABTS radikaline karşı, etil asetat ekstresi ise (694.11 ± 1.98 mg TEAC/g) DPPH radikaline karşı en yüksek süpürücü etki göstermiştir. Tirozinaz enzimi üzerine en yüksek inhibisyon IC₅₀ = 156 ± 3.97 μg/mL değeri ile etil asetat ekstresinde, en düşük inhibisyon ise IC₅₀ = 280 ± 2.94 μg/mL değeri ile etanol ekstresinde tespit edilmiştir. Ekstreler, elastaz enzimi üzerine anlamlı bir inhibisyon oluşturmamıştır. Tüm ekstreler 100 ve 50 μg/mL konsantrasyonlarda U87-MG hücre canlılığını tüm inkübasyon sürelerinde % 50'nin üzerinde inhibe ederken, 25 μg/mL konsantrasyonda n-hekzan ekstresi 24 saatlik inkübasyonda (% 92.1), etil asetat ekstresi ise 48 ve 72 saatlik inkübasyonlarda (sırasıyla % 71.3 ve % 85.5) daha yüksek inhibisyon göstermiştir. Etanol ekstresi, tüm inkübasyon sürelerinde SH-SY5Y hücrelerine belirgin inhibisyon göstermiştir. Ekstrelerde belirlenen ana bileşikler, akasetin, kinik asit, astragalin, klorojenik asit, apigenin, naringenin ve luteolindir. Akasetin tüm ekstrelerde yüksek miktarda bulunmuş olup en fazla etil asetat ekstresinde (25.774 ± 0.41 mg/g) tespit edilmiştir. Docking çalışmaları, akasetinin tirozinaz enzimini IC₅₀ = 27.81 μM değerinde inhibe ettiğini göstermiştir. Bu çalışma ile söz konusu taksonun tirozinaz ve elastaz enzimleri ve U87-MG ile SH-SY5Y hücre hatları üzerine inhibisyon etkileri ilk kez belirlenmiştir. Bitkinin zengin kimyasal profili ve terapötik potansiyeli, kozmetik ve tıbbi doğal hammadde kaynağı olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.
In the present study, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts prepared from the above-ground parts of Helichrysum armenium subspecies araxinum, were investigated for their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, tyrosinase and elastase enzyme inhibitions, and toxic effects on human glioblastoma multiforme (U87-MG) and human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell lines. The correlation between these activities and the chemical profiles of the extracts was also investigated. The extracts were prepared by subjecting the plant material to two 24-hour macerations. The IC₅₀ values of extracts showing over 50 % enzyme inhibition were calculated. Cytotoxic effects of the extracts were determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at concentrations of 100, 50, 25, and 12.5 μg/mL after 24, 48, and 72 hours of incubation. The chemical contents of the extracts were analysed by Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) using 56 standard compounds. The enzyme affinities of the compounds were evaluated in silico using AutoDock 4.2 software. The ethanol extract (329.60 ± 0.45 mg TE/g DW) exhibited the highest scavenging effect against the ABTS radical, while the ethyl acetate extract (694.11 ± 1.98 mg TEAC/g) exhibited the highest scavenging effect against the DPPH radical. The highest inhibition on the tyrosinase enzyme was detected in the ethyl acetate extract with IC₅₀ = 156 ± 3.97 μg/mL, while the lowest inhibition was detected in the ethanol extract with IC₅₀ = 280 ± 2.94 μg/mL. The extracts did not exhibit significant inhibition on the elastase enzyme. At a concentration of 25 μg/mL in the U87-MG cell line, the n-hexane extract showed higher inhibition after 24 hours of incubation (92.1 %), while the ethyl acetate extract showed higher inhibition after 48 and 72 hours of incubation (71.3 % and 85.5 %, respectively). The ethanol extract showed significant inhibition of SH-SY5Y cells at all incubation times. The main compounds identified in the extracts were acacetin, quinic acid, astragalin, chlorogenic acid, apigenin, naringin, and luteolin. Acacetin, found in high amounts in all extracts, was detected most in the ethyl acetate extract (25.774 ± 0.41 mg/g). Docking studies exhibited that acacetin inhibits tyrosinase enzyme at an IC₅₀ value of 27.81 μM. This study is the first to determine the inhibition effects of this taxon on tyrosinase and elastase enzymes and on the U87-MG and SH-SY5Y cell lines. The plant's rich chemical profile and therapeutic potential indicate that it can be used as a source of natural raw materials for cosmetic and medical purposes.
In the present study, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts prepared from the above-ground parts of Helichrysum armenium subspecies araxinum, were investigated for their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, tyrosinase and elastase enzyme inhibitions, and toxic effects on human glioblastoma multiforme (U87-MG) and human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell lines. The correlation between these activities and the chemical profiles of the extracts was also investigated. The extracts were prepared by subjecting the plant material to two 24-hour macerations. The IC₅₀ values of extracts showing over 50 % enzyme inhibition were calculated. Cytotoxic effects of the extracts were determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at concentrations of 100, 50, 25, and 12.5 μg/mL after 24, 48, and 72 hours of incubation. The chemical contents of the extracts were analysed by Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) using 56 standard compounds. The enzyme affinities of the compounds were evaluated in silico using AutoDock 4.2 software. The ethanol extract (329.60 ± 0.45 mg TE/g DW) exhibited the highest scavenging effect against the ABTS radical, while the ethyl acetate extract (694.11 ± 1.98 mg TEAC/g) exhibited the highest scavenging effect against the DPPH radical. The highest inhibition on the tyrosinase enzyme was detected in the ethyl acetate extract with IC₅₀ = 156 ± 3.97 μg/mL, while the lowest inhibition was detected in the ethanol extract with IC₅₀ = 280 ± 2.94 μg/mL. The extracts did not exhibit significant inhibition on the elastase enzyme. At a concentration of 25 μg/mL in the U87-MG cell line, the n-hexane extract showed higher inhibition after 24 hours of incubation (92.1 %), while the ethyl acetate extract showed higher inhibition after 48 and 72 hours of incubation (71.3 % and 85.5 %, respectively). The ethanol extract showed significant inhibition of SH-SY5Y cells at all incubation times. The main compounds identified in the extracts were acacetin, quinic acid, astragalin, chlorogenic acid, apigenin, naringin, and luteolin. Acacetin, found in high amounts in all extracts, was detected most in the ethyl acetate extract (25.774 ± 0.41 mg/g). Docking studies exhibited that acacetin inhibits tyrosinase enzyme at an IC₅₀ value of 27.81 μM. This study is the first to determine the inhibition effects of this taxon on tyrosinase and elastase enzymes and on the U87-MG and SH-SY5Y cell lines. The plant's rich chemical profile and therapeutic potential indicate that it can be used as a source of natural raw materials for cosmetic and medical purposes.
Description
Keywords
Eczacılık ve Farmakoloji, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
WoS Q
Scopus Q
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