İnsan Ticaretinde Emek Sömürüsü: Diyarbakır İli Örneği
Abstract
İnsan ticareti yirminci yüzyıla kadar kölelik olarak adlandırıldığını bilinmektedir. Kavramın insan ticareti olarak güncellenmesi ise yapılan uluslararası sözleşmeler ile mümkün olmuştur. İnsan ticareti çok eski çağlara dayanan bir olgudur. Her çağda insan ticaretinden bahsetmek mümkündür. Bu çalışma Suriye uyruklu yabancıların 2011 yıllından sonra Diyarbakır iline yerleşmiş olanların çalışma şartları ile bununla ilişkili insan ticareti bağlamında emek sömürüsünün olup-olmadığı incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kesimin insan ticareti göstergelerine karşı farkındalıklarını ölçmek hedeflenmiştir. Bu grubun incelenmesinin sebebi daha kırılgan olmalarıdır. Çünkü doğdukları topraklardan uzaklar ve düşük ücretle çalışmaktalar. Ekonomik yetersizlik, kısıtlı çalışma olanakları, kalifiye olmama, kalabalık aile yapıları, beden işi ve eğitimin olmaması kişilerin daha zor şartlarda çalışmasına ve muhtemel insan ticareti olmasını barındırdığı düşünülmektedir. Çalışmada anket yöntemi ile muhtemel mağdurların emek sömürüsüne maruz kalmaları, muhtemel mağdur olma durumuma ilişkin farkındalıkları anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. İnsan ticareti hukuksal boyutu ve tarihsel süreci ile ulusal mevzuat incelenmiştir. Çalışmada 388 Geçici Koruma Kapsamında olan Suriye uyruklu yabancıya uyguladığımız anket verilerini analiz ederek muhtemel mağdurların olup-olmadığı, farkındalığın önemi ile hangi çözümlerin daha az mağduriyetin yaşanmasına katkı sağlayacağı, yabancıların çalışma şartları, insan ticareti bağlamında emek sömürüsü, literatür taraması ile anlamlı bir bütünselliğe ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular Suriye uyruklu yabancıların düşük ücretle çalıştığı, genellik kalifiye olmayan işlerde çalıştıkları, yerli nüfusa göre düşük ücretle çalıştıkları, firmalarda asgari ücretle çalışmakla beraber çalışma izni olmadığı, insan ticareti göstergelerin ise çok az kişide görüldüğü belirlenmiştir.
It is known that human trafficking was referred to as slavery until the twentieth century. The concepts rebranding as human trafficking was made possible by international agreements. Human trafficking is a phenomenon that dates back to ancient times. Human trafficking can be discussed in every era. This study aims to examine the working conditions of Syrian foreigners who settled in Diyarbakır province after 2011 and whether they are subject to labor exploitation in the context of human trafficking. The aim was to measure this group's awareness of human trafficking indicators. This group is examined because they are more vulnerable, living far from their homeland and working for low wages. Economic inadequacy, limited employment opportunities, lack of qualifications, large families, and lack of manual labor and education are thought to contribute to more difficult working conditions and the likelihood of human trafficking. The study used a survey method to understand potential victims' exposure to labor exploitation and their awareness of potential victimization. The legal aspects of human trafficking, its historical process, and national legislation were examined The study analyzed survey data administered to 388 Syrian nationals under Temporary Protection, exploring the potential victims, the importance of awareness, and the potential solutions that would reduce victimization. The study explored working conditions for foreigners, labor exploitation in the context of human trafficking, and, through a literature review, attempted to achieve a meaningful holistic understanding. The findings revealed that Syrian foreigners earn low wages, generally work in unqualified jobs, earn less than the local population, work for minimum wage in companies but lack work permits, and exhibit only a small number of indicators of human trafficking
It is known that human trafficking was referred to as slavery until the twentieth century. The concepts rebranding as human trafficking was made possible by international agreements. Human trafficking is a phenomenon that dates back to ancient times. Human trafficking can be discussed in every era. This study aims to examine the working conditions of Syrian foreigners who settled in Diyarbakır province after 2011 and whether they are subject to labor exploitation in the context of human trafficking. The aim was to measure this group's awareness of human trafficking indicators. This group is examined because they are more vulnerable, living far from their homeland and working for low wages. Economic inadequacy, limited employment opportunities, lack of qualifications, large families, and lack of manual labor and education are thought to contribute to more difficult working conditions and the likelihood of human trafficking. The study used a survey method to understand potential victims' exposure to labor exploitation and their awareness of potential victimization. The legal aspects of human trafficking, its historical process, and national legislation were examined The study analyzed survey data administered to 388 Syrian nationals under Temporary Protection, exploring the potential victims, the importance of awareness, and the potential solutions that would reduce victimization. The study explored working conditions for foreigners, labor exploitation in the context of human trafficking, and, through a literature review, attempted to achieve a meaningful holistic understanding. The findings revealed that Syrian foreigners earn low wages, generally work in unqualified jobs, earn less than the local population, work for minimum wage in companies but lack work permits, and exhibit only a small number of indicators of human trafficking
Description
Keywords
Ekonomi, Ekonomi, Ekonomik Faaliyetler, Emek Sömürüsü, Suriyeliler, Zorla Evlilik, Çalışma İzni, İnsan Ticareti, İstismar Farkındalığı, İşçi Göçü, Economics, Economy, Economic Activities, Labor Exploitation, Syrians, Forced Marriage, Work Permit, Human Trade, Abuse Awareness, Worker Migration
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
WoS Q
Scopus Q
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