Harran and the Harranıs in the Islamic Period
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2021
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Harran insanlık tarihinin en kadim şehirleri arasında yer almaktadır. Burada yaşayan Harrânîler de aynı şekilde insanlık tarihinin en eski kavimlerindendir. Harran eski bir şehir olduğundan dolayı kadim medeniyetlere ev sahipliği yapmış ve tarihte yaşanmış pek çok önemli olaya da şahitlik etmiştir. Böyle kadim bir şehrin tarihi elbette bilinmeye muhtaçtır. Çalışmadaki ana gaye bu eski şehir ve şehir halkının İslâmî dönemde ne durumda oldukları ve ne tür sıkıntılara maruz kaldıklarını gün yüzüne çıkarmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Harran'ın fethine, Harrânîlerin Halife Me'mun döneminde maruz kaldıkları din değiştirme hadisesine, Sâbiîlik adını almaları ve gerçek Sâbiîler ile nasıl karıştırıldıklarına değinildi. Ayrıca Harrânîlerin tanrı tasavvurları, tanrıları, peygamberlik anlayışları, tapınakları, kutsal gün ve bayramları ile birlikte ritüelleri de etraflıca ele alındı. Bunların dışında Harran kökenli bilim insanları hakkında ve şehirde bulunan yapılar hakkında bilgiler sunuldu. Kapsam sadece İslâmî dönem ile sınırlı tutulmadı. Konunun anlaşılabilirliğini artırabilmek için Harran şehrinin ismi, konumu ve İslâmî dönemden önceki tarihine değinildi. İslâmîyet'ten önceki dönemi aktarırken Hz. İbrâhim'in Harran ile olan ilişkisi, ailesi ve Nemrud ile olan diyaloğu, Harran'a göç etmesi ve burada ikamet etmesi gibi durumlar da ele alındı. Tezde yöntem olarak araştırma-inceleme ve gezi-gözlem yöntemleri kullanıldı. Bu doğrultuda Harran ve Harrânîlerin yaşayışları, maruz kaldıkları din değiştirme hadisesi ve inançları hususunda güvenilir bilgilere ulaşıldı. Elde edilen bilgileri irdeledikten sonra sonuçları objektif bir şekilde sunuldu. Gezi-gözlem yöntemi ile şehirde bulunan eski yapıları yerinde incelendi. Harran'ın köylerinde eski dönemlere ait tapınak ve rölyefler, Şanlıurfa Müzesinde çalışmamızla ilgili eserlerin görselleri çalışmanın sonunda ek olarak sunuldu. Anahtar kelimeler: Harran, Harrânîler, Sâbiîlik, Sin, Hz. İbrâhim, Bettanî, Sabit b. Kurre
Harran is among the most ancient cities in human history. The Harranids living here are one of the oldest tribes in human history. Since Harran is an old city, it has hosted ancient civilizations and Witnessed many important events in history. The history of such an ancient city certainly needs to be known. The main purpose of our study is to reveal the state of the people of this old city and city in the Islamic period and what kind of difficulties they were subjected to. For this purpose, the conquest of Harran, the conversion event that the Harranites were exposed to during the reign of the caliph Me'mun, their taking the name of Sabiism and how they were confused with the real Sabians were mentioned. In addition, the Harranians' conceptions of God, their gods, their understanding of prophecy, their temples, their holy days and holidays and their rituals were also discussed in detail. Apart from these, information was presented about the scientists of Harran origin and about the structures in the city. The scope was not limited to the Islamic period only. In order to increase the understanding of the subject, the name of the city of Harran, its location and its history before the Islamic period were mentioned. Research-examination and excursion-observation methods were used as methods in the thesis. In this direction, reliable information was obtained about the life of Harran and the Harranis, the conversion incident they were exposed to and their beliefs. After examining the information obtained, the results were presented in an objective way. It was examined in the old place in the city with the excursion-observation method. Temples and reliefs belonging to ancient times in the villages of Harran, and the visuals of the works related to our work in the Şanlıurfa Museum are presented as an appendix at the end of the study. Key words: Harran, Harranids, Sabianism, Sin, Hz. İbrâhim, Bettanî, Sabit b. Kurre
Harran is among the most ancient cities in human history. The Harranids living here are one of the oldest tribes in human history. Since Harran is an old city, it has hosted ancient civilizations and Witnessed many important events in history. The history of such an ancient city certainly needs to be known. The main purpose of our study is to reveal the state of the people of this old city and city in the Islamic period and what kind of difficulties they were subjected to. For this purpose, the conquest of Harran, the conversion event that the Harranites were exposed to during the reign of the caliph Me'mun, their taking the name of Sabiism and how they were confused with the real Sabians were mentioned. In addition, the Harranians' conceptions of God, their gods, their understanding of prophecy, their temples, their holy days and holidays and their rituals were also discussed in detail. Apart from these, information was presented about the scientists of Harran origin and about the structures in the city. The scope was not limited to the Islamic period only. In order to increase the understanding of the subject, the name of the city of Harran, its location and its history before the Islamic period were mentioned. Research-examination and excursion-observation methods were used as methods in the thesis. In this direction, reliable information was obtained about the life of Harran and the Harranis, the conversion incident they were exposed to and their beliefs. After examining the information obtained, the results were presented in an objective way. It was examined in the old place in the city with the excursion-observation method. Temples and reliefs belonging to ancient times in the villages of Harran, and the visuals of the works related to our work in the Şanlıurfa Museum are presented as an appendix at the end of the study. Key words: Harran, Harranids, Sabianism, Sin, Hz. İbrâhim, Bettanî, Sabit b. Kurre
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Tarih, Din anlayışı, Harraniler, Hz. İbrahim, Kent tarihi, Sabiiler, Sabit bin Kurra, Tanrı anlayışı, İslam tarihi, İslami Dönem, Şanlıurfa-Harran, History, Understanding of religion, Harranids, Hz. İbrahim, Urban history, Sabians, Sabit bin Qurrah, God understanding, Islamic history, Islamic Period, Şanlıurfa-Harran
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148