The Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes in Van Region and Determine the Practice Patterns and Knowledge of Physicians About Gestational Diabetes Who Provide Health Care To Pregnant Women Having Gestational Diabetes
Abstract
Çalışmamızın amacı Van bölgesinde gestasyonel diyabetes mellitusun hangi sıklıkta görüldüğü, GDM' lu hastalara sağlık hizmeti sunan hekimlerin bu konuda bilgi ve beceri düzeylerini sorgulamaktır.Çalışmaya dahil edilen 400 gebenin demografik özelliklerini, gestasyonel diyabet için risk faktörlerini sorgulayan anket formu uygulandıktan sonra ilk 24 gebelik haftası öncesinde olanlara açlık kan şekeri (AKŞ) bakıldı, 24 hafta ve daha ileri gebelik haftası içinde olan gebelere 50 gr glukoz tarama testi (GTT) yapıldı. AKŞ 95 mg/dl'yi geçenlere ve GTT 140 mg/dl üzerinde olanlara 3 saatlik 100 gram oral glukoz tolerans testi (OGTT) yapıldı. Ayrıca gebe sağlığı ile ilgili çalışan hekimlere demografik özelliklerini, gestasyonel diyabetin tarama, tanı, tedavi, kontrol hedefleri postpartum glukoz intoleransı gibi bilgileri sorgulayan anket formları uygulandı. İstatistiksel analizler SPSS-13 programı kullanılarak yapıldı.Çalışmamızda GDM'lu gebelerin yaş ortalamaları 42,70±1,07 yıl, VKİ ortalamaları 31,58±3,25 kg/m2 idi. Çalışmaya katılan 400 gebeden ikisi önceden tanı almış tip 2 DM biri tip1 DM hastasıydı. Gebelerin 89'unda ( % 22,4) 50 gr glukoz tarama testinin pozitif olduğu saptandı ve 100 gr OGTT yapılan 98 gebeden 30'u GDM tanısı aldı (% 7,6). Ailede diyabet öyküsünün olması en sık karşılaşılan risk faktörüydü ( % 60).Çalışmaya katılan doktorların büyük çoğunluğu 25 yaş üstünde tüm gebelerin GDM yönünden taranması gerektiğini belirtti. Ancak gestasyonel diyabetin ortaya çıkma nedeni, tanısı, komplikasyonları, tedavisi, kontrol hedefleri, postpartum takibi konularında doktorların cevapları arasında farklılıklar olsa da gestasyonel diyabetes mellitus ile ilgili önemli bilgi eksikliği olduğu gözlendi. Bu eksiklikleri gidermek için GDM konusunda hekimlerin klinik yaklaşımını güçlendirecek eğitim programı gerektiği düşünülebilir. Sıklığı giderek artan diyabetle komplike gebeliklerin ciddi maternal ve fetal komplikasyonlara yol açabilmesi nedeniyle tarama, tanı, tedavi ve gebe takibinin ciddiyetle yapılması son derece önemlidir. Sonuç olarak, bu konuda ülke genelinde ileri ve geniş kapsamlı çalışmalara gereksinim vardır.
The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of gestational diabetes in Van region and determine the practice patterns and knowledge of physicians about gestational diabetes who provide health care to pregnant women having gestational diabetes.In this study, firsthy 400 pregnant women were surveyed by a physician using a questionnaire about their demographic properties and risk factors for gestational diabetes and then, they were screened for diabetes by using fasting blood glucose levels before 24th week of pregnancy, an oral glucose tolerance test of 50 grams (OGTT) for the following pregnancy weeks. Pregnant women whose blood fasting glucose levels were more than 95 mg/dl before the 24th week and first hour blood glucose of 50 gram OGTT more than 140 mg/dl in the following weeks were also screened with a 3 hours 100 gram OGTT test. At the same time, physicians providing health care to pregnant women were surveyed by a questionnaire about their demographic properties and their knowledge about screening, diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes, blood glucose limits in managing gestational diabetes, postpartum glucose intolerance screening via versa. All the statistical analyses were performed by SPSS 13 program.The mean age of pregnant women having gestational diabetes was 42,70±1,07 years; body mass index was 31,58±3,25 kg/m2. Among 400 pregnant women two had been diagnosed as diabetes before pregnancy in which one had type 1 diabetes mellitus and the other one had type 2 diabetes mellitus. In all pregnant women that were screened with 50 gram OGTT, 89 pregnant women were positive (%22,4).These women were screened with a 100 gram OGTT test and at the end 30 patients were diagnosed as GDM (%7,6) according to test results. For GDM diagnosed patients, anyone having diabetes mellitus in the family was the most common risk factor (%60).In physicians? survey although a great majority stated that all pregnant women older than 25 years old must be screened for gestational diabetes, there was a great variance of the answers about etiology, diagnosis, complications, management targets and postpartum management of GDM. These findings showed us that there ıs an educational need about gestational diabetes. As to compensate this, post graduate education programs that support the practice pattern of physicians must be organized. Pregnancy complicated by diabetes, becoming an increasingly comman disease causes serious maternal and fetal complications. Therefore screening, diagnosis and management of diabetes at pregnancy and careful examination of pregnant women becomes more important these days. As a conclusion, many detailed and wide- arranged studies are needed to be performed across the country about this subject.
The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of gestational diabetes in Van region and determine the practice patterns and knowledge of physicians about gestational diabetes who provide health care to pregnant women having gestational diabetes.In this study, firsthy 400 pregnant women were surveyed by a physician using a questionnaire about their demographic properties and risk factors for gestational diabetes and then, they were screened for diabetes by using fasting blood glucose levels before 24th week of pregnancy, an oral glucose tolerance test of 50 grams (OGTT) for the following pregnancy weeks. Pregnant women whose blood fasting glucose levels were more than 95 mg/dl before the 24th week and first hour blood glucose of 50 gram OGTT more than 140 mg/dl in the following weeks were also screened with a 3 hours 100 gram OGTT test. At the same time, physicians providing health care to pregnant women were surveyed by a questionnaire about their demographic properties and their knowledge about screening, diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes, blood glucose limits in managing gestational diabetes, postpartum glucose intolerance screening via versa. All the statistical analyses were performed by SPSS 13 program.The mean age of pregnant women having gestational diabetes was 42,70±1,07 years; body mass index was 31,58±3,25 kg/m2. Among 400 pregnant women two had been diagnosed as diabetes before pregnancy in which one had type 1 diabetes mellitus and the other one had type 2 diabetes mellitus. In all pregnant women that were screened with 50 gram OGTT, 89 pregnant women were positive (%22,4).These women were screened with a 100 gram OGTT test and at the end 30 patients were diagnosed as GDM (%7,6) according to test results. For GDM diagnosed patients, anyone having diabetes mellitus in the family was the most common risk factor (%60).In physicians? survey although a great majority stated that all pregnant women older than 25 years old must be screened for gestational diabetes, there was a great variance of the answers about etiology, diagnosis, complications, management targets and postpartum management of GDM. These findings showed us that there ıs an educational need about gestational diabetes. As to compensate this, post graduate education programs that support the practice pattern of physicians must be organized. Pregnancy complicated by diabetes, becoming an increasingly comman disease causes serious maternal and fetal complications. Therefore screening, diagnosis and management of diabetes at pregnancy and careful examination of pregnant women becomes more important these days. As a conclusion, many detailed and wide- arranged studies are needed to be performed across the country about this subject.
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Keywords
Aile Hekimliği, Aile Hekimliği, Diabet-Gebelik Sırasında, Doktorlar, Halk Sağlığı, Van, Family Medicine, Family Practice, Diabetes-Gestational, Physicians, Public Health, Van
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89