Parameter Uniform Second-Order Numerical Approximation for the Integro-Differential Equations Involving Boundary Layers

Abstract

The work handles a Fredholm integro-differential equation involv-ing boundary layers. A fitted second-order difference scheme has been created on a uniform mesh utilizing interpolating quadrature rules and exponential basis functions. The stability and convergence of the proposed discretization technique are analyzed and one example is solved to display the advantages of the presented technique.