The Effects of Different Doses of Ketamine on Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats

Abstract

In the patients who have perioperative renal failure risk, anesthetical substances should be choosen with caution to protect the function of kidneys. Ketamine, an anesthetic induction agent, is generally used in patients with severe hypotension or respiratory depression. We aimed to evaluate the different doses of ketamine’s effects on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage mediated by free radicals in rats. Materials and methods: In this study, 42 Wistar albino male rats were splitted randomly into 7 different groups. In the ketamine group, ketamine was applied intraperitoneally (IP) in different doses (3 mg kg־1, 10 mg kg־1, 30 mg kg־1, 60 mg kg־1, 80 mg kg־1) on the 45 th minutes. Clamps were opened at the end of 60 minutes ischemia period. At the end of the reperfusion period, renal tissue and blood samples were taken from the rats. In the plasma samples, pro-inflammatory biomarkers [Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)] were analysed. In renal tissue samples, antioxidating activities [Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione perox idase (GPx) and nitric oxide (NO)] and lipid peroxidation product “Malondialdehyde (MDA)” levels were studied biochemically. Renal tissue damage was evaluated histopathologically. There were no differences among the beneficial effects of ketamine given gro ups (10-30-60-80 mg kg־1 doses) before reperfusion in the way of antioxidant activities, pro-inflammatory markers and lipid peroxidation product. When ketamin was applied in 3 mg kg־1 there were beneficial effects on tissues in the way of SOD, GPx, NO, MDA values and histopathologically (p<0.05). Some studies have shown that ketamine has little anti-inflammatory properties. This animal study has shown that ketamine in low doses significantly reduces the I/R injury in rats (p<0.05). © 2019, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved.