Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Hebeloma Excedens Mushroom Extract as a New Source: Anti-Lipid Peroxidation, Bioaccessibility and Antidiabetic Properties

Abstract

A traditional source of natural bioactive compounds, mushrooms are used to synthesize biomaterials, thanks to their potential applications in the medicine, pharmacology and cosmetics industries. In this study, the vitamin C and E contents of the Hebeloma excedens mushroom species were determined as 64.2 mg/g and 38.6 mg/g, respectively. In the mineral substance analysis, the highest amount of magnesium (32.16 mg/g) and trace amounts of iron (0.22 mg/g) were detected. In the nanoparticles (AgNPs/He) synthesized using this mushroom species, the colour of the mixture first changed to dark brown and exhibited maximum absorption at 428 nm, corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed the binding properties of the biocomponents responsible for coating and stabilizing the nanoparticles. The resulting nanostructures were much more stable than the mushroom extract and showed strong antioxidant activity (22.93 mg/ml). A significant decrease in phenolic compounds was observed after the gastrointestinal digestion process applied to the mushroom extract and AgNPs/He samples (p < 0.05). However, a significant increase in the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds was detected in AgNPs/He particles (p < 0.05). It was determined that there was a significant increase in the thermal stability, inhibition against lipid peroxidation (6.64 mg/ml) and antidiabetic activities (29.20 mg/ml) of silver structures synthesized using the green synthesis method. As a result, the existence and current potential of a new biomaterial suitable for cost-effective and large-scale production in the synthesis of AgNPs/He has been demonstrated for the first time.