Investigation of the Performance and Emission Effects of Ammonia-Borane as a B-N - N-Based Amine-Borane Adduct in Gasoline Engines

Abstract

This study examined the impact of varying concentrations of ammonia-borane (AB) in gasoline on engine performance and emissions across different load conditions. Four fuel formulations were tested: pure gasoline (G100) and gasoline blends containing 10%, 15%, and 20% AB (AB10, AB15, AB20). Increased AB concentration resulted in higher brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC). While exhaust gas temperatures were highest with G100 (730.9 degrees C at full load), the AB blends, particularly AB20, exhibited lower temperatures, with a maximum reduction of 13.8%. The AB20 blend demonstrated elevated BSFC and increased oxygen (O2) emissions but significantly reduced carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, with up to an 88.2% decrease at full load. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) x ) emissions were generally lower for all AB blends. The highest NOx x value was measured with G100 fuel at full load, while the lowest NOx x value was measured with AB10 fuel. Under these conditions, a 23% decrease in NOx value was observed with AB10 fuel compared to G100. The engine's thermal efficiency decreased with AB blends at all load levels compared to pure gasoline. Thermal efficiency decrease of 13.76%, 22.32%, and 30.88% occurred for AB10, AB15 and AB20, respectively compared to G100.Overall, incorporating AB in gasoline reduced thermal efficiency and led to a notable decrease in NOx, hydrocarbons (HC), and CO emissions.