Effectiveness of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Enhancing Adherence and Improving Clinical Outcomes Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background:Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Cardiacrehabilitation programs have shown promise in improving adherence to lifestyle and medical recommendations, yet theirimpact on clinical outcomes and complications requires further investigation. Methods:This prospective, randomized, single-center study evaluated the effects of cardiac rehabilitation on adherence andclinical outcomes in ACS patients. A total of 340 patients were randomized into a Cardiac Rehabilitation Group or ControlGroup. The Cardiac Rehabilitation Group underwent supervised exercise, dietary counseling, and education, while the ControlGroup received standard recommendations. Outcomes, including adherence rates and complications, were assessed over 1 year,with additional interim analyses to evaluate early sustainability of behavioral changes. Results:Patients in the Cardiac Rehabilitation Group demonstrated significant improvements in adherence to dietary rec-ommendations (73.5% vs. 52.4%,p< 0.01) and physical activity (85.3% vs. 68.2%,p< 0.01). Cardiac Rehabilitation Grouppatients also experienced fewer instances of weight gain (22.9% vs. 34.7%,p= 0.017) and access site complications (21.2% vs.40%,p< 0.01). Hospital readmissions were reduced in the Cardiac Rehabilitation Group compared to the Control Group (18.8%vs. 31.2%,p= 0.015). Non-adherence to dietary recommendations (HR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.08-5.41,p= 0.032) and medical treat-ments (HR: 2.84, 95% CI: 1.32-6.11,p= 0.007) were significantly associated with increased risk of revascularization. Conclusion:Cardiac rehabilitation significantly enhances adherence to medical and lifestyle recommendations, reducescomplications, and improves outcomes in ACS patients. These findings emphasize the critical role of structured rehabilitation inpost-ACS management.