Investigation of Nutrition and Disease Conditions With Molecular Bacteria Analysis in a Dental Calculus Sample From 1900s

Abstract

Objective: Tepekoy Hoyuk salvage excavations were carried out in the village of Tepekoy, near Mus province and Varto district. Although samples were taken from the historical dental calculus in four skulls from this region, only one individual could be analyzed for DNA, and accordingly, the physiological characteristics and diseases related to the bacteria that this individual was exposed to could be predicted. Material and Method: It was observed that the subject of the study died between the ages of 20-35, had a height between 151-162 cm, and had mild bone osteophytes in his vertebrae. The dental calculus sample of the individual was collected on clean aluminum foil. It was then transferred to a sterile screw tube, UV irradiation was used for the sample decontamination, the bleach process was used for the cleaning and decontamination of the outer surface (4% bleach, sodium hypochlorite, NaCIO), allowed to air dry in a sterile container (petri dish) for up to five minutes, sample powder after reconstitution, it was poured into a sterile screw-cap tube. Isolation was performed on the MagPurix (Zinexts, Taiwan) device using the MagPurix Bacterial DNA Extraction Kit. Accordingly, DNA was obtained in only one of the four samples brought for study. Oxford Nanopore Technology (England) was used for 16S r-RNA isolation and Nanopore Sequence Analysis. Then, bacterial analysis was done up to the genus level with bioinformatics analysis. Results: Bacteria were classified from phlyum level to genus level and the following bacteria took the first place in these classes. At the phylum level; Firmicutes 52.74%, class level; Clostridia 31.55%, order level; Clostridiales 31.55%, family level; Ruminococcaceae 24.29%, at the genus level; Ralstonia 21.48% took the first place. Conclusion: The physiological characteristics and diseases of this individual were linked by the bacteria obtained, and it was predicted that this person was obese, prone to diabetes and especially fed with grains as a diet.