Bio-Oil and Bio-Char From Lactuca Scariola: Significance of Catalyst and Temperature for Assessing Yield and Quality of Pyrolysis

Abstract

In this study, the effect of temperature and catalyst on the conversion of lactuca scariola stems into liquid and solid products with catalyst (H3BO3, NaOH, Na2B4O7.10H(2)O, ZnCl2, K2CO3) and without catalyst at temperatures of 350, 450 and 550 degrees C was investigated by a method of pyrolysis, a method of thermochemical conversion. The highest liquid product yield was obtained in the presence of ZnCl2 (33.97%). The obtained liquid and solid products were examined by GC-MS, Elemental, FT-IR, SEM and H-1 NMR analysis methods. While the temperature in the experiments with catalyst and without catalyst was 350 degrees C, 98 different compounds, consisting of aromatics, aliphatics, oxygenated, nitrogenated and polycyclic compounds are obtained in general; at 450 degrees C, 92 different compounds, and for 550 degrees C, 88 different compounds were obtained.