Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Results in the Light of Thyroid Tissue Pathology

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine gland malignancy and thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy (TFNAB) is used for its detection. The aim of this study was to analyze th e cytological detected malignancy, the factors affecting it and the compatibility of surgical tissue pathology. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent TFNAB in the Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic were retrospectively analyzed in terms of age, gender, TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone) value, nodule size, localization, initial and rebiopsy results (Bethesta 2023), and malignancy as tissue pathology (papillary thyroid cancer, follicular thyroid cancer) and multinodularity in those who underwent thyroidectomy after TFNAB. Results: The study was conducted with data from 631 patients. A positive correlation was found between age and nodule size (r:0.08, p=0.040). TSH was found significantly higher in patients with B IV, V, VI (suspicion of neoplasia, suspicion of malignancy, malignancy) and AUS (BIII) cytology than in those with benign cytology (p=0.012). With the contribution of rebiopsy, the total cytological malignancy (Bethesta V, VI) (n:46) rate was 7.29%. Of the 84 thyroidectomized patients with tissue pathology, 50 (59.5%) were malignant an d 34 (40.5%) were benign. In patients with malignant tissue pathology, 39 (7 8%) had multinodular goiter (MNG) and 11 (22%) had single nodules (p=0.031). TFNAB specificity was 60%, Negative Predictive Value (NPV) was 75%, False Positive Rate (FPR) was 40%. Conclusion: TSH level was found significantly higher in cases with B III and IV, V, VI cytology results compared to benign cytology, and multinodularity was found to be significantly higher in cases with thyroid cancer compared to those with solitary ones in postoperative tissue pathology. As a result of surgery the specificity and NPV for TFNAB were found to be low and FPR was high compared to the literature.