Facile Bio-Fabrication of Pd-Ag Bimetallic Nanoparticles and Its Performance in Catalytic and Pharmaceutical Applications: Hydrogen Production and In-Vitro Antibacterial, Anticancer Activities, and Model Development

Abstract

The production of nanoparticles by the biosynthesis method attracts great attention due to their environmentally friendly structure and biocompatibility. In this study, a green method for the synthesis of Palladium-Silver nanoparticles (Pd-Ag NPs) using the extract of Nigella satioa seeds is reported. Pd-Ag NPs obtained by the green synthesis method were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-vis spectrometry, and X-Ray diffraction patterns (XRD). Pd-Ag NPs were seen to have a spherical structure in the TEM analysis image and the average particle size was found to be 6.80 nm. In addition, the anticancer and antibacterial activities of Pd-Ag NPs synthesized by the green synthesis method were investigated. Pd-Ag NPs had lethality of 69.26%, 52.28%, 76.90%, and 57.49% respectively, against Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli bacteria at 200 mu g/mL. Besides, the antibacterial activity of Pd-Ag NPs against B. subtilis, S. aureus, and MRSA bacteria was developed by the Neuro-fuzzy (ANFIS) model. The minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Pd-Ag NPs against human breast cancer cells, human endometrial carcinoma cells, and human cervical cancer cell lines were determined as 12.4384 +/- 0.39 mu g/mL, 13.5043 +/- 0.539 mu g/mL, 17.7172 +/- 0.782 mu g/mL, respectively. The catalytic activity of Pd-Ag NPs was investigated by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) hydrolysis. Enthalpy, entropy, turner of frequency (TOF), and activation energy values were calculated as 24.51 kJ/mol, -183.15 J/mol.K, 1387.29 h(-1), 27.01 kJ/mol, respectively. In the light of the obtained results, it promises that Pd-Ag NPs may play a therapeutic role in complications related to cancer and bacterial infections. The use of Pd-Ag NPs as catalysts will contribute to the development and application of new nano-catalysts to reduce environmental pollution. (C) 2022 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.