The Effects of Endophytic Bacteria Along With Humic Acid and Biochar on Phytoremediation of Rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.)

Abstract

This study carries out the impact of endophytic bacteria on phytoremediation in rapeseed plants. Additionally, this study carries out the impact of endophytic bacteria in the presence of humic acid and biochar on phytoremediation. For this purpose, 50 mg kg(-1) Cd, 50 mg kg(-1) Pb, and 50 mg kg(-1) Cr were applied to the soil, and then (Humic acid) HA 1000 mg kg(-1) and 10% BC (Biochar) were applied and left for incubation. Two types of endotypic bacteria (EB1: Bacillus mojavensis, G106K1 EB2; Pantoea agglomerans, G129K1-1) were applied to these growing media of the three-leaf rapeseed plant and clean soil as a control. After the isolation was performed, the phytoremediation capabilities of the bacteria Bacillus mojavensis and Pantoea agglomerans were examined for the first time. Endophytic bacteria with HA and BC, resulted in an increase in the growth of rapeseed plants. In combination with HA and endophytic bacteria, values of (bioconcentration factor) BCF(shoot) and BCF(root) resulted in an increase for Cr and Cd. Furthermore, the application of endophytic bacteria with HA increased the (transfer factor) TF > 1 value for Cd. In this case, HA also increased the transfer of Cd from the root region to the shoot. With the applications of HA and BC with endophytic bacteria, enzyme activity decreased in the plant compared with a single endophytic bacteria treatment. We concluded that endophytic bacteria applied with biostimulants can be effective for the phytoextraction of hyperaccumulator plants in soils with low organic matter under heavy metal conditions.