Existence of Solutions and Ulam Stability Analysis of Implicit (P, Q)-Fractional Difference Equations

Abstract

This paper studies the existence theorems and Ulam stability results of solutions for implicit (p, q)-fractional difference equations. By applying Banach and Schauder fixed-point principles, we derive results related to the existence and uniqueness of solutions. Additionally, we analyze generalized Ulam-Hyers stability under (p, q)-Gronwall inequality. Key results are supported with illustrative examples, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed framework. Compared to previous studies restricted to the standard q-calculus, the present work introduces the (p, q)-Caputo fractional difference setting, which offers a more flexible and generalized approach. This novelty extends existing results and provides new perspectives for the analysis of stability and solvability of fractional systems. © 2025 Loredana Florentina Iambor, et al.