Antidiabetic and Anti-Alzheimer Potential of Three Tymbra Species Rich In Hesperidin and Rosmarinic Acid

Abstract

Objective: Lamiaceae is a cosmopolitan family of aromatic and medicinal plants. There are many well-known aromatic, ornamental and weed plants in this family. Many aromatic species in the Lamiaceae family are currently used in traditional medicine, pharmaceutical and food industries due to their biological properties. In this study, it was aimed to examine the ethanol extracts (roots and aerial parts) of Thymbra spicata var. spicata (TS), Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. &Aznav. subsp. sintenisii Bornm. &Aznav (TSS) and Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. & Azn. subsp. isaurica P.H.Davis (TSI) in the terms of their biological activity and chemical content. Material and Method: The phenolic content of the species was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. In addition, cytotoxic, antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, urease, tyrosinase, elastase, collagenase, angiotensin I-converting and α-amylase enzymes activities were investigated. Result and Discussion: It was determined that all ethanol extracts were rich in hesperidin (3900.28-32910.02µg analyte/g extract) and rosmarinic acid (5343.08-11571.54µg analyte/g extract). In addition, the aerial part of TS species showed high a-amylase enzyme inhibition activity (inhibition%: 97.57±2.59 at 50 µg/ml). Due to their high antioxidant, anticholinesterase and α-amylase enzyme inhibition activities and rich phenolic content, tymbra species have potential for use in the pharmaceutical and food industry. © 2026, University of Ankara. All rights reserved.