The First Approach for the Simultaneous Quantification of Isoproturon, Carbendazim, and Carbofuran at the Surface of a Mil-101(cr) Metal-Organic Framework-Based Electrode

Abstract

A novel approach has been proposed for the simultaneous detection of isoproturon (ISO), carbendazim (CAR), and carbofuran (CRF) pesticides. This is achieved by employing an electrochemical sensor modified with nano- MIL-101(Cr) on a glassy carbon electrode, providing high selectivity and sensitivity. Structural and morpho-logical analysis of the nanomaterial was conducted using SEM, SEM/EDX, SEM Elemental Mapping, P-XRD, and FT-IR techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques were utilized to characterize nano-MIL-101(Cr) and assess its suitability as an electrode material for sensing purposes. The electrochemical sensor demonstrated strong linearity in simultaneously determining ISO (+0.98 V, vs. Ag/AgCl), CAR (+1.19 V, vs. Ag/AgCl), and CRF (+1.34 V, vs. Ag/AgCl) across concentration ranges of 0.25-2.50 mu M, 0.1-2.0 mu M, and 1.0-20.0 mu M, respectively, under optimized conditions. Detection limits for ISO, CAR, and CRF were determined as 0.015 mu M, 0.02 mu M, and 0.32 mu M, respectively. The proposed electrochemical sensor was effectively employed for analyzing real samples, such as soil and river water, for pesticide detection.