Correlations Between Udder Morphometry and Body Measurements in Norduz Sheep and Saanen Goats

Abstract

Udder morphology and morphometry are critical for milk yield and health in small ruminant husbandry. This study aimed to determine the udder morphometric characteristics of Norduz sheep and Saanen goats and to comparatively evaluate their relationships with external body measurements. A total of 50 Norduz sheep and 50 Saanen goats were evaluated. In Norduz sheep, udder types were classified as Type-I, Type-II, Type-III, and Type-IV, with Type-IV being the most prevalent (38%, n=19). In Saanen goats, udders were categorized as Funnel, Cylindrical, and Bowl, with Bowl type being dominant (54%, n=27). Regarding teat shapes, Funnel type was predominant in sheep (84%, n=42), while cylindrical shape was most common in goats (44%, n=22). Most correlations between udder and body measurements were positive and statistically significant, though generally weak. A significant negative correlation was detected between Udder Teat Diameter (UTD) and Distance Between Udder Teats and Ground (DUTG) in Saanen goats (r = - 0.365, P<0.05), and between Withers Height (WH) and Udder Width (UW) in Norduz sheep (r = -0.286, P<0.05). The findings provide valuable reference data for evaluating udder health, guiding clinical decisions, and supporting breeding programs aimed at improving productivity and suitability for mechanized milking systems in both breeds. In conclusion, the results highlight the differences in udder morphometry and its correlations with external body traits, which may serve as an important reference for veterinary practices, disease evaluation, and the development of selection programs and robotic milking systems in small ruminants.