Biogenic Amines in Raisins of One Vintage Year: Influence of Two Chemical Pre-Treatments (Dipping in Oak Ash Solution or Potassium Carbonate Solution)

Abstract

Some biogenic amines (BAs) may be used as quality markers in grape derived products and they have key roles in human nutrition. In this study, therefore, two traditional dipping solutions, namely oak ash and potassium carbonate solutions applied before drying, were compared for their effects on the BA profile of Gok Uzum raisins. The mean agmatine, putrescine, spermine, and serotonin content of Gok Uzum raisins was lower in samples dried by dipping in potassium carbonate solution than samples dried by dipping in oak ash solution. There were no significant differences in contents of cadaverine, spermidine, histamine, tryptamine, dopamine, and norepinephrine between samples of both dipping solutions. Among the BAs under investigation, putrescine, agmatine, histamine, and tryptamine were the most abundant amines, whereas the lowest amine contents were those of cadaverine, spermine, spermidine, and norepinephrine. The mean putrescine, agmatine, spermine, and serotonin content of Gok Uzum raisins was higher in samples dried by dipping in oak ash solution than in samples dried by dipping in potassium carbonate solution. Drying under shade by dipping in oak ash solution proved to be superior to dipping in potassium carbonate solution concerning Gok Uzum raisin BAs and could be considered as an attractive pre-drying solution for the production of both raisins and perhaps other dried fruits.