Conodont Biostratigraphy of Upper Devonian Tephra Bearing Deposits in the İstanbul-Zonguldak Terrane, Nw Turkey: Insights on the Kellwasser Events

Abstract

New evidence for a biostratigraphic assessment of the limestone succession comprising K-bentonite levels exposed in the Y & imath;lanl & imath; Formation of the Istanbul-Zonguldak Terrane are provided from conodonts at the Gavurp & imath;nar & imath; quarry in Bart & imath;n area (NW Turkey). The succession depicts a shallow marine, nearshore facies setting that comprises rare and low diversity conodont associations mainly exemplified by the species of Ctenopolygnathus, Icriodus and Polygnathus. Conodont faunas from the lower part of the section are of late Frasnian age, including the taxa Icriodus subterminus Youngquist, 1947, Polygnathus aff. xylus Stauffer, 1940, Icriodus iowaensis iowaensisYoungquist & Peterson, 1947 and Ctenopolygnathus brevilaminus Branson & Mehl, 1934, and the upper part is assigned to early Famen-nian marked by the first appearance of Icriodus cornutus Sannemann, 1955. The local biostratigraphic framework of the Y & imath;lanl & imath; Formation is correlated with the upper Frasnian Lower rhenana to the lower Famennian Middle triangularisstandard conodont zonations. Considering the described species, the Frasnian-Famennian boundary corresponds to a slight change in conodont fauna and is assigned within the local Icriodusiowaensis iowaensis Zone. Accordingly, the novel K-bentonite age data potentially indicates the evidence for the Kellwasser events in northern Turkey, improving paleogeographic correlations of the Istanbul-Zonguldak Terrane with other terranes in Laurasia and Peri-Gondwana.